CIADI - Annual report 2007

ICSID

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTES

ANNUAL REPORT 2007ICSID

ANNUAL REPORT 2007

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR SETTLEMENT OF INVESTMENT DISPUTESContents Letter of Transmittal 1 ICSID Secretariat 2 Introduction 3 Membership Matters 4 Disputes Before the Centre 4 Panels of Conciliators and of Arbitrators 7 Publications 7 Conferences 8 Fortieth Annual Meeting of the Administrative Council 10 Finance 10 Annexes

1. List of Contracting States and Other Signatories of the Convention 11

2. Disputes Before the Centre 15

3. Panels of Conciliators and of Arbitrators 44

4. ICSID Documents and Publications 45

5. Resolutions Adopted by the Administrative Council 48

6. Report and Financial Statements 49InternatIonal Centre for settlement of Investment DIsputes September 28, 2007

Dear Mr. Chairman, Pursuant to Administrative and Financial Regulation 5(4), I am pleased to submit to the Administrative Council for its approval the Annual Report on the Operation of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes required by Article 6(1)(g) of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States. This Annual Report covers the fiscal year July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007. The Report includes the audited financial statements of the Centre, presented pursuant to Administrative and Financial Regulation 19. Sincerely yours, Ana Palacio Secretary-General Mr. Robert B. Zoellick Chairman Administrative Council International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes E T TLEM

ENT OF I N V E S T MENT DISPU

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INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR

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Ana Palacio Secretary-General Mr. Robert B. Zoellick Chairman Administrative Council International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes E T TLEM

ENT OF I N V E S T MENT DISPU

T E • INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR • I C S I DI C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 72 I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 72  seCretarIat of the InternatIonal Centre for settlement of Investment DIsputes June 30, 2007 Ana Palacio, Secretary-General LegAL stAff Gabriela Alvarez-Avila, Senior Counsel Gonzalo Flores, Senior Counsel Daria Goldstein, Senior Counsel Milanka Kostadinova, Senior Counsel Eloïse Obadia, Senior Counsel Ucheora Onwuamaegbu, Senior Counsel Claudia Frutos-Peterson, Counsel Martina Polasek, Counsel Mercedes Cordido-Freytes de Kurowski, Consultant Frauke Nitschke, Consultant Emilio Rodriguez-Larrain Miro-Quesada, Consultant Natalí Sequeira, Consultant Tomás Solis, Consultant Marat Umerov, Consultant PARALegAL stAff Mireigne Denis, Paralegal Sylvie Grégoire, Paralegal Michelle Salomon, Paralegal Budget And Accounting stAff Ginette Moïse-Luabeya, Administrative Assistant AdministRAtive And cLient suPPoRt stAff Alix Ahimon, Language Program Assistant Sonia C. Lee, Program Assistant Gloria Peralta, Language Program Assistant Malkiat Singh, Conference AssistantI C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 72 I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 72  IntroDuCtIon

Malkiat Singh, Conference AssistantI C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 72 I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 72  IntroDuCtIon In fiscal year 2007, the rapid expansion of the ICSID caseload continued unabated. With the registration of twenty-six new arbitration proceedings, the number of ICSID cases administered during the fiscal year reached a new record of one hundred and thirty . The growth of the caseload continued to be driven by treaty-based arbitration proceedings. At the end of the fiscal year, the number of the conciliation and arbitration cases registered with ICSID since its inception reached two hundred and thirty-six. In addition, ICSID provided administrative services in ten arbitration proceedings conducted under the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and in an expert determination proceeding conducted under the provisions of the Indus W aters Treaty 1960. ICSID’s membership increased to 144 Contracting States in the past year, following the ratification of the ICSID Convention by the Republic of Serbia. Other important membership developments included the signing of the ICSID Convention by Canada and the notice of denunciation received from the Republic of Bolivia. The Centre’s publication and knowledge dissemination program remained active during the year. T wo issues of the ICSID Review—Foreign Investment Law Journal were completed in addition to five releases updating the Centre’s collections of Investment Laws of the World and Investment Treaties and two issues of ICSID’s newsletter, News from ICSID. In co-operation with other arbitration institutions and international organizations, ICSID organized and hosted two major conferences on international arbitration. Staff of the Centre participated as speakers and panelists in more than thirty conferences and educational events mostly in the field of investor-State arbitration. Fiscal year 2007 has been one of change for ICSID. T o meet the challenges of the significantly increased workload, the new ICSID Secretary-General, Ana Palacio, has

as speakers and panelists in more than thirty conferences and educational events mostly in the field of investor-State arbitration. Fiscal year 2007 has been one of change for ICSID. T o meet the challenges of the significantly increased workload, the new ICSID Secretary-General, Ana Palacio, has begun a process of reorganizing the staffing structure of the Secretariat. In May 2007, Ms. Palacio announced the appointment of Nassib G. Ziadé, at the time Executive Secretary of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal, as ICSID’s new Chief Counsel. A major area of emphasis of ICSID’s new management during fiscal year 2007 was the launching of an initiative to upgrade the technological means by which the Centre can achieve more efficient case management and knowledge dissemination in the field of investor-State dispute settlement. Details of the developments in the Centre’s activities in fiscal year 2007 are set forth below.I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7  membershIp matters The Republic of Serbia became the 144th ICSID Contracting State by completing the membership procedures in June 2007. In December 2006, the Convention was signed on behalf of Canada by its Ambassador to the United States. On May 2, 2007, the World Bank received a written notice of denunciation of the ICSID Convention from the Republic of Bolivia. In accordance with Article 75 of the ICSID Convention, the depositary (the World Bank) notified all ICSID signatory States of the Republic of Bolivia’s denunciation of the Convention. The denunciation will take effect six months after the receipt of the notice, i.e., on November 3, 2007. A complete list of Contracting States and other signatories of the ICSID Convention as at June 30, 2007 is provided in Annex 1. DIsputes before the Centre

six months after the receipt of the notice, i.e., on November 3, 2007. A complete list of Contracting States and other signatories of the ICSID Convention as at June 30, 2007 is provided in Annex 1. DIsputes before the Centre In the course of fiscal year 2007, the Centre registered twenty-six new arbitration proceedings resulting in a new record of one hundred and thirty cases administered by the Centre during a fiscal year. T en percent of the cases administered were conducted under the Additional Facility Rules while the remaining ninety percent were ICSID Convention proceedings. One hundred and eight cases were pending before the Centre at the end of the fiscal year. The total number of cases registered with the Centre since its inception reached two hundred and thirty-six. T wenty-two of the new cases were instituted under the ICSID Convention and four proceedings under the Additional Facility Rules. Fifteen of the new cases were initiated on the basis of ICSID arbitration provisions contained in bilateral investment treaties. (In one of these proceedings, the claimant invoked alternatively an ICSID arbitration clause in an investment contract between the disputing parties.) Jurisdiction was based on investment contracts in seven further proceedings. In three of the new cases, investors sought to establish ICSID jurisdiction on the basis of the investor-State dispute settlement provisions of the Energy Charter Treaty. In another proceeding, the investment law of the host state was asserted as the basis for ICSID jurisdiction. In addition to the new cases, the Centre registered an application for the institution of annulment proceedings and in another case a request for rectification of an award. Both of these proceedings concern awards previously rendered by ICSID tribunals in the course of fiscal year 2007.I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 

Nineteen arbitration proceedings were concluded. Seventeen of these were original arbitration proceedings under the ICSID Convention and two were Additional Facility cases. Fourteen awards were rendered and five proceedings were discontinued following settlement reached by the parties. Arbitral tribunals declined ICSID jurisdiction in four of the awards rendered in the past year. Four awards rejected all claims on the merits. In five further proceedings, ICSID tribunals upheld the claims in whole or in part. One award embodied the parties’ settlement agreement. During the fiscal year, decisions were also issued in five proceedings concerning applications for post award remedies under the ICSID Convention. One decision was issued by an arbitral tribunal on an application by a party for the rectification of an award. In four other proceedings, ad hoc committees issued decisions on applications for annulment of awards. Three of these decisions rejected the respective applications for annulment, while one decision annulled the award previously rendered by an ICSID tribunal. One of these decisions also contained a Separate Opinion and Statement of Dissent by one of the ad hoc committee members. During the past year, arbitral tribunals issued a number of procedural orders and decisions. These included nine decisions upholding jurisdiction; a decision by an arbitral tribunal on liability; an order in response to a petition by third parties for participation as amici curiae; three orders concerning the confidentiality of the proceedings; an order on determination of damages; and a decision by an ad hoc committee on a request for stay of enforcement of an award previously rendered. About half of the one hundred and thirty cases administered by ICSID during the year involved countries from Latin and Central America, while twenty percent of the cases involved respondent States from the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region. Eleven percent of the cases involved countries located in sub-Saharan Africa. The remaining cases were, as in previous years, almost evenly divided among countries in North America, in the Middle East and North Africa and in East Asia and the Pacific. About half of the cases pending during the fiscal year concerned projects in the mining, power generation and public utility sectors of the economy.

were, as in previous years, almost evenly divided among countries in North America, in the Middle East and North Africa and in East Asia and the Pacific. About half of the cases pending during the fiscal year concerned projects in the mining, power generation and public utility sectors of the economy. T wenty-seven hearings and twenty-three different sessions were held in the cases pending before ICSID in the course of fiscal year 2007. About one third of these sessions and hearings were held at the seat of the Centre in Washington, D.C., while the remainder took place at various other locations in North America, Europe and Latin America or by means of audio and video conferencing.I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 7I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 7 During the year, arbitral tribunals were constituted or reconstituted in twenty-four cases pending before ICSID. An ad hoc committee was also constituted. Fifty individuals from twenty different countries were appointed to serve as arbitrators in ICSID proceedings. The parties or party-appointed arbitrators nominated sixty-nine percent of the total sixty-eight appointments made during the fiscal year, while thirty-one percent of the appointments were made by ICSID. The proceedings before the ICSID tribunals and ad hoc committees during the year were conducted in one of the three official languages of ICSID (English, French and Spanish) in seventy-one of the cases. In the remaining fifty-nine cases, two of the three languages were used, in different combinations, as procedural languages of the proceedings. In addition to the one hundred and thirty ICSID cases administered in the course of the fiscal year, the Centre has, at the request of the parties and tribunals concerned, agreed to provide administrative services to ten arbitration proceedings conducted under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. The services furnished by ICSID for these proceedings ranged from limited assistance with the organization of hearings and fund-holding to

fiscal year, the Centre has, at the request of the parties and tribunals concerned, agreed to provide administrative services to ten arbitration proceedings conducted under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. The services furnished by ICSID for these proceedings ranged from limited assistance with the organization of hearings and fund-holding to full secretariat services in the administration of the respective proceeding. One of these UNCITRAL Rules proceedings was concluded with an award during the fiscal year. One of the UNCITRAL Rules proceedings concerned three separate disputes, instituted against the same State, which was heard by the same tribunal following the first consolidation order ever issued under the Investment Chapter of the North American Free Trade Agreement. During the year, ICSID’s Secretary-General has also been requested to act as appointing authority of arbitrators in UNCITRAL Rules proceedings. Furthermore, the Centre continued to provide administrative support to an expert determination proceeding under the provisions of the Indus Waters Treaty 1960. This proceeding was concluded in the course of the year with a decision of the appointed neutral expert. Details of significant procedural developments in each of the proceedings conducted under the ICSID Convention and the Additional Facility Rules pending before the Centre in the course of fiscal year 2007 are provided in Annex 2.I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 7I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 7 panels of ConCIlIators anD of arbItrators Under the ICSID Convention, the Centre maintains a Panel of Conciliators and a Panel of Arbitrators. Pursuant to Article 13 of the Convention, each Contracting State may designate up to four persons to each Panel. Up to ten persons may be designated to each Panel by the Chairman of the Administrative Council. All designees serve for a renewable period of six years. The ICSID Panels provide a source from which parties to ICSID proceedings may select conciliators or arbitrators. Further, in the event that the Chairman of the ICSID

Chairman of the Administrative Council. All designees serve for a renewable period of six years. The ICSID Panels provide a source from which parties to ICSID proceedings may select conciliators or arbitrators. Further, in the event that the Chairman of the ICSID Administrative Council is called upon to appoint conciliators, arbitrators or ad hoc committee members under Articles 30, 38 or 52 of the ICSID Convention, his appointees must be drawn from the Panels. In the course of the year, new designations to the ICSID Panels of Conciliators and of Arbitrators were made by eight Contracting States: Belgium, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Finland, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Samoa, Spain and Sweden. Annex 3 provides a list of the designees appointed to the ICSID Panels during fiscal year 2007. With these new designations, the Panels comprise 512 persons as at June 30, 2007. A complete list of all Panel members is available on the ICSID website at http://www .worldbank.org/icsid. publICatIons During the past year, the Centre issued two new releases for its ten-volume loose-leaf collection Investment Laws of the World, which now comprises basic investment legislation of 133 countries from all major regions of the world. The two releases contained new or revised investment legislation passed by Botswana, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Kenya, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Republic of Korea, T onga, Vanuatu, and Vietnam. The releases also provided subscribers with contact information of the national governmental agency in charge of the promotion of foreign investment. The Centre’s second loose-leaf collection of Investment Treaties was expanded by three new releases during fiscal year 2007. These releases added some 60 treaties, concluded between 52 countries in the period of 1961-2005. The number of treaties included in the collection

charge of the promotion of foreign investment. The Centre’s second loose-leaf collection of Investment Treaties was expanded by three new releases during fiscal year 2007. These releases added some 60 treaties, concluded between 52 countries in the period of 1961-2005. The number of treaties included in the collection now stands at 1,140.I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7  During fiscal year 2007, two issues of the ICSID Review—Foreign Investment Law Journal were prepared for publication. The ICSID Review contains materials on international and domestic law relating to foreign investment and investment dispute settlement. The recent issues included articles on the legal concept of “legitimate expectations” of foreign investors; consolidation of investment arbitration proceedings; parallel litigation and foreign investment dispute settlement; and the most recent amendments to the ICSID Rules and Regulations, which came into effect on April 10, 2006. A number of recent decisions and awards rendered in ICSID proceedings were also reproduced together with introductory notes prepared by the Centre’s staff. T wo issues of the Centre’s semi-annual newsletter, News from ICSID , were published during the past year. The issues discussed the recent amendments to the ICSID Rules and Regulations, and included articles on the consultation period requirement in investment treaties and on the Centre’s involvement in an expert determination process pursuant to the provisions of the Indus Waters Treaty. A list of ICSID documents and publications is provided in Annex 4 to this report. ConferenCes In the past fiscal year, ICSID hosted the 23rd in the series of colloquia on international arbitration, co-sponsored annually since 1983 by the American Arbitration Association (AAA), the International Court of Arbitration at the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and ICSID. The colloquium was held on November 17, 2006 in Washington, D.C.

arbitration, co-sponsored annually since 1983 by the American Arbitration Association (AAA), the International Court of Arbitration at the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and ICSID. The colloquium was held on November 17, 2006 in Washington, D.C. The sessions addressed recent developments at the three arbitration institutions; production of documents and other evidentiary issues; new challenges regarding confidentiality; and selected substantive issues arising from arbitration involving State parties. An interactive luncheon session enabled colloquium participants to debate current issues in international arbitration with an expert panel. ICSID also co-operated with the London Court of International Arbitration to organize a symposium on international arbitration in Washington, D.C, which was held on November 18, 2006. In addition, the Centre organized, together with the Energy Charter Secretariat (ECS) and the Arbitration Institute at the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC), a conference on investment protection and the Energy Charter Treaty, which was hosted by ICSID onI C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7  May 18, 2007 in Washington, D.C. The panel sessions addressed the negotiations of the Energy Charter Treaty; the Energy Charter Treaty’s investment dispute resolution provisions; selected standards of treatment available under the Energy Charter Treaty; the interplay of the Energy Charter Treaty with other treaties; and potential future developments in the Energy Charter process. Members of the ICSID staff participated in several conferences and seminars during fiscal year 2007 on invitation by a government, several intergovernmental organizations, arbitration institutions, professional organizations and academic institutions. These events included a conference on international arbitration sponsored by the State Chancery of Latvia (held in September 2006 in Riga), a seminar organized by the International Development Law Organization (held in October 2006 by video conference), a seminar

arbitration institutions, professional organizations and academic institutions. These events included a conference on international arbitration sponsored by the State Chancery of Latvia (held in September 2006 in Riga), a seminar organized by the International Development Law Organization (held in October 2006 by video conference), a seminar co-sponsored by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and UNCTAD (held in October 2006 in Mexico City) and another UNCTAD seminar (held in May 2007 in Lima). ICSID also provided panelists to two arbitration conferences organized by the Ecuadorian-American Chamber of Commerce (held in July 2006 and June 2007 in Quito), to a seminar organized by the Mexican Arbitration Center and Universidad del T ecnológico de Monterrey (held in January 2007 in Mexico City), and to a seminar organized by the Dominican Republic Chamber of Commerce (held in February 2007 in Santo Domingo). ICSID staff participated in two seminars organized by the International Law Institute (held in July 2006 and April 2007 in Washington, D.C.), two arbitration conferences organized by the Institute for Transnational Arbitration (held in March 2007 in Buenos Aires and in Washington, D.C.), an international mining conference (held in March 2007 in Abuja), and several other arbitration events organized by the American Bar Association (held in May 2007 in Washington, D.C.), the International Association of Y oung Lawyers (held in June 2007 in Helsinki), and by the American University, Washington College of Law (held in October 2006 in Washington, D.C.). In addition, ICSID staff provided training courses on investor-State dispute settlement during programs organized by UNCTAD (held in January and May 2007 in Geneva and in Lima, respectively), and during sessions organized by UNCTAD and the Organization of American States (OAS) (held in October 2006 in Puebla), by the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat (held in April 2007 in East Kalimantan Province),

in Lima, respectively), and during sessions organized by UNCTAD and the Organization of American States (OAS) (held in October 2006 in Puebla), by the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretariat (held in April 2007 in East Kalimantan Province), and by the Developing Eight Countries for Economic Development (D-8) (held in April 2007 in Jakarta).I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 710 11I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 710 11 ICSID staff delivered lectures to academic audiences at the Legal Debate Society of Copenhagen (Denmark), Universidad de Externado (Colombia), George Washington University Law School, Georgetown University Law Center, University of Nebraska Law School, the American University Washington College of Law and the University of Chile. fortIeth annual meetIng of the aDmInIstratIve CounCIl The Fortieth Annual Meeting of the Administrative Council took place on September 20, 2006 in Singapore, on the occasion of the Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund. At the meeting, the Council approved the Centre’s 2006 Annual Report and its administrative budget for fiscal year 2007. On the basis of a proposal by the Chairman, the Council unanimously elected Ana Palacio as the Centre’s new Secretary-General. Annex 5 sets forth the Resolutions adopted at the Meeting. fInanCe The administrative expenditures were, again, covered by the World Bank pursuant to the Memorandum of Administrative Arrangements concluded between the Bank and ICSID in February 1967, and by fee income and income from the sale of publications. It is therefore not necessary to assess any excess expenditures on Contracting States pursuant to Article 17 of the Convention. Expenditures relating to pending arbitration proceedings are borne by the parties in accordance with ICSID’s Administrative and Financial Regulations.

February 1967, and by fee income and income from the sale of publications. It is therefore not necessary to assess any excess expenditures on Contracting States pursuant to Article 17 of the Convention. Expenditures relating to pending arbitration proceedings are borne by the parties in accordance with ICSID’s Administrative and Financial Regulations. The Financial Statements of ICSID for FY 2007 are set forth in Annex 6.I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 710 11I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 710 11 Annex 1 ContraCtIng states anD other sIgnatorIes of the ConventIon As of June 30, 2007

The 156 States listed below have signed the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of Other States on the dates indicated. The names of the 144 States that have deposited their instruments of ratification are in bold, and the dates of such deposit and of the attainment of the status of Contracting State by the entry into force of the Convention for each of them are also indicated. Deposit of Entry into Force State Signature Ratification of Convention Afghanistan Sep. 30, 1966 June 25, 1968 July 25, 1968 Albania Oct. 15, 1991 Oct. 15, 1991 Nov. 14, 1991 Algeria Apr. 17, 1995 Feb. 21, 1996 Mar. 22, 1996 Argentina May 21, 1991 Oct. 19, 1994 Nov. 18, 1994

Armenia Sep. 16, 1992 Sep. 16, 1992 Oct. 16, 1992 Australia Mar. 24, 1975 May 2, 1991 June 1,1991 Austria May 17, 1966 May 25, 1971 June 24, 1971 Azerbaijan Sep. 18, 1992 Sep. 18, 1992 Oct. 18, 1992 Bahamas Oct. 19, 1995 Oct. 19, 1995 Nov. 18, 1995 Bahrain Sep. 22, 1995 Feb. 14, 1996 Mar. 15, 1996 Bangladesh Nov. 20, 1979 Mar. 27, 1980 Apr. 26, 1980 Barbados May 13, 1981 Nov. 1, 1983 Dec. 1, 1983 Belarus July 10, 1992 July 10, 1992 Aug. 9, 1992 Belgium Dec. 15, 1965 Aug. 27, 1970 Sep. 26, 1970 Belize Dec. 19, 1986 Benin Sep. 10, 1965 Sep. 6, 1966 Oct. 14, 1966 Bolivia May 3, 1991 June 23, 1995 July 23, 1995 Bosnia and Herzegovina Apr. 25, 1997 May 14, 1997 June 13, 1997 Botswana Jan. 15, 1970 Jan. 15, 1970 Feb. 14, 1970 Brunei Darussalam Sep. 16, 2002 Sep. 16, 2002 Oct. 16, 2002 Bulgaria Mar. 21, 2000 Apr. 13, 2001 May 13, 2001

Burkina Faso Sep. 16, 1965 Aug. 29, 1966 Oct. 14, 1966 Burundi Feb. 17, 1967 Nov. 5, 1969 Dec. 5, 1969 Cambodia Nov. 5, 1993 Dec. 20, 2004 Jan. 19, 2005 Cameroon Sep. 23, 1965 Jan. 3, 1967 Feb. 2, 1967 Canada Dec. 15, 2006 Central African Republic Aug. 26, 1965 Feb. 23, 1966 Oct. 14, 1966 Chad May 12, 1966 Aug. 29, 1966 Oct. 14, 1966I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 712 1I C S I D A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 712 1 Chile Jan. 25, 1991 Sep. 24, 1991 Oct. 24, 1991 China Feb. 9, 1990 Jan. 7, 1993 Feb. 6, 1993 Colombia May 18, 1993 July 15, 1997 Aug. 14, 1997 Comoros Sep. 26, 1978 Nov. 7, 1978 Dec. 7, 1978 Congo Dec. 27, 1965 June 23, 1966 Oct. 14, 1966 Congo, Democratic Rep. of Oct. 29, 1968 Apr. 29, 1970 May 29, 1970 Costa Rica Sep. 29, 1981 Apr. 27, 1993 May 27, 1993

Côte d’Ivoire June 30, 1965 Feb. 16, 1966 Oct. 14, 1966 Croatia June 16, 1997 Sep. 22, 1998 Oct. 22, 1998 Cyprus Mar. 9, 1966 Nov. 25, 1966 Dec. 25, 1966 Czech Republic Mar. 23, 1993 Mar. 23, 1993 Apr. 22, 1993 Denmark Oct. 11, 1965 Apr. 24, 1968 May 24, 1968 Dominican Republic Mar. 20, 2000 Ecuador Jan. 15, 1986 Jan. 15, 1986 Feb. 14, 1986 Egypt, Arab Rep. of Feb. 11, 1972 May 3, 1972 June 2, 1972 El Salvador June 9, 1982 Mar. 6, 1984 Apr. 5, 1984 Estonia June 23, 1992 June 23, 1992 Jul. 23, 1992 Ethiopia Sep. 21, 1965 Fiji July 1, 1977 Aug. 11, 1977 Sep. 10, 1977 Finland July 14, 1967 Jan. 9, 1969 Feb. 8, 1969 France Dec. 22, 1965 Aug. 21, 1967 Sep. 20, 1967 Gabon Sep. 21, 1965 Apr. 4, 1966 Oct. 14, 1966 Gambia, The Oct. 1, 1974 Dec. 27, 1974 Jan. 26, 1975 Georgia Aug. 7, 1992 Aug. 7, 1992 Sep. 6, 1992

Germany Jan. 27, 1966 Apr. 18, 1969 May 18, 1969 Ghana Nov. 26, 1965 July 13, 1966 Oct. 14, 1966 Greece Mar. 16, 1966 Apr. 21, 1969 May 21, 1969 Grenada May 24, 1991 May 24, 1991 June 23, 1991 Guatemala Nov. 9, 1995 Jan. 21, 2003 Feb. 20, 2003 Guinea Aug. 27,1968 Nov. 4, 1968 Dec. 4, 1968 Guinea-Bissau Sep. 4, 1991 Guyana July 3, 1969 July 11, 1969 Aug. 10, 1969 Haiti Jan. 30, 1985 Honduras May 28, 1986 Feb. 14, 1989 Mar. 16, 1989 Hungary Oct. 1, 1986 Feb. 4, 1987 Mar. 6, 1987 Iceland July 25, 1966 July 25, 1966 Oct. 14, 1966 Indonesia Feb. 16, 1968 Sep. 28, 1968 Oct. 28, 1968 Ireland Aug. 30, 1966 Apr. 7, 1981 May 7, 1981 Israel June 16, 1980 June 22, 1983 July 22, 1983 Italy Nov. 18, 1965 Mar. 29, 1971 Apr. 28, 1971 Jamaica June 23, 1965 Sep. 9, 1966 Oct. 14, 1966 Japan Sep. 23, 1965 Aug. 17, 1967 Sep. 16, 1967 Jordan July 14, 1972 Oct. 30, 1972 Nov. 29, 1972 Deposit of Entry into Force

Japan Sep. 23, 1965 Aug. 17, 1967 Sep. 16, 1967 Jordan July 14, 1972 Oct. 30, 1972 Nov. 29, 1972 Deposit of Entry into