FIFA - 24-06603 - Football Agents Report 24 V15

Football Agents Report

DECEMBER 20242

Contents 1 . Overview 3 2 . Licensing system 5 3 . Updates on the football agent-related section on the FIFA website 10 4 . Agents in men's professional football 12 4. 1 Club agents 13 4.2 Pla yer agents 20 5 . Agents in women's professional football 23 5.1 Club agen ts 24 5.2 Pla yer agents 26 Me thodology 28 Disclaimer 293 1 . Overview1. Overview 4 As part of its objective to bring more transparency to the football transfer system, FIFA publishes an annual report on football agents. This year, the report presents: • an ex tensive analysis of football agents’ activity in international transfers; • insightful information about the licensing s ystem, its enforcement and related data; and • updates that ar e relevant to the activity of a football agent. With respect to all football agents’ activity, the report covers any representation of players and/or clubs in employment‑related and transfer ‑relat ed negotiations, collectively known as “football agent services”. Under the FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players and the FIFA Football Agent Regulations (FFAR), clubs are required to enter the names and service fees of any club agents involved in an international transfer, as well as the names of any football agent acting on behalf of the player, in the Transfer Matching System (TMS). Such declarations made in 2024 are the source of the data in this report. This entails information on engaging‑ and

releasing ‑club ag ents, but also information on player agents in connection with international transfers in men’s and women’s football. This information will allow readers to understand how agents’ activity developed in

2024. With respect to male professional players, the total amount of service fees for club agents declared in international transfers in 2024 was USD 709.6 million.

Although this is a decrease compared to the level of spending in 2023, this amount

This information will allow readers to understand how agents’ activity developed in

2024. With respect to male professional players, the total amount of service fees for club agents declared in international transfers in 2024 was USD 709.6 million.

Although this is a decrease compared to the level of spending in 2023, this amount nevertheless constitutes the second ‑highest‑e ver total for a full year. As TMS only captures service fees paid for club agents in international transfers, this amount furthermore does not include service fees paid in the context of domestic transfers, renegotiation of employment contracts or any service fees paid to player agents. The full revenue of all football agents is thus likely to be even substantially higher. In the context of international transfers of female professional players during the same period, football agents were involved in 184 transfers representing clubs and in 515 transfers representing players. However, the revenues of club agents in women’s football are still significantly lower than in men’s football, with just under USD 3.1 million in service fees earned in 2024. Nevertheless, there has still been substantial growth across the last five years, with the figure for 2024 more than 2.2 times higher than in 2023 and more than six times the level of 2020. Finally, regarding enforcement‑relat ed data, it is worth mentioning that, during the period covered by this report, FIFA opened 1,627 investigations that led to several licence applications being rejected or – in the case of already licensed individuals – their licence having been provisionally suspended for not meeting the eligibility requirements as established by article 5 of the FFAR.5 2 . Licensing system2. Licensing system 6 Licence application process In 2024, FIFA opened a further two periods during which individuals could submit their licence applications to become football agents, as follows: During the period covered by this report (1 January to 5 December 2024), FIFA received 19,827 licensing applications. Out of the total number of exam applicants, 10,887 took the exam on one of the two exam dates and 40.4% passed the exam.

During the period covered by this report (1 January to 5 December 2024), FIFA received 19,827 licensing applications. Out of the total number of exam applicants, 10,887 took the exam on one of the two exam dates and 40.4% passed the exam. During the licence application process, FIFA opened 1,606 investigations regarding a potential failure to comply with the eligibility requirements. Approximately 17% of the investigations led to the rejection of a licence application. An overview of the reasons for the rejection of licence applications is listed below. Grounds for rejection No. of licensing applications rejected Failure to meet the deadline 182 Being an official or employee of FIFA, a confederation, a member association, a league, a club, a body that represents the interests of clubs or leagues or any organisation connected directly or indirectly with such organisations and entities (art. 5 par. 1. a) iv. of the FFAR) 78 Being found to have been performing football agent services without the required licence in the 24 months before the submission of a licence application (art. 5 par. 1 b) of the FFAR) 12 Having been convicted of a criminal charge (art. 5 par. 1. a) ii. of the FFAR) 2 Application period Exam date 9 January to 31 March 2024 22 May 2024, with testing locations at 159 member associations 19 August to 4 October 2024 20 November 2024, with testing locations at 146 member associations2. Licensing system 7 In addition, FIFA found 973 candidates that breached the exam rules (i.e. failed to pay the exam fee, failed to attend the exam, or breached the rules of conduct of the exam). Such findings also led to the rejection of their licence applications. It is worth noting that the FIFA general secretariat was able to prevent several individuals from taking the exam on the basis that they had provided football agent services without the required licence 24 months before making their licence application. Those individuals were found performing these services in the following

It is worth noting that the FIFA general secretariat was able to prevent several individuals from taking the exam on the basis that they had provided football agent services without the required licence 24 months before making their licence application. Those individuals were found performing these services in the following countries: England, India, USA, Uzbekistan, Indonesia, Israel, Honduras and Belgium. All the corresponding decisions are published on the FIFA website. Continuing professional development (CPD) The period between 1 October 2023 and 30 September 2024 marks the first CPD cycle since the inception of the new FFAR on 16 December 2022, from which date a total of 4,477 football agents have been required to meet the continuing professional development (CPD) requirements. In short, subject to the type of licensing path followed, football agents must earn a minimum number of CPD credits per CPD calendar year, which runs from 1 October in one year to the following 30 September. The current requirements are as follows: • Exam path: a minimum of 20 CPD credits • Legacy and national law paths: a minimum of 40 CPD credits for the first five cycles, reduced to 20 CPD credits per cycle from the sixth cycle onwards Based on this, 41% of football agents must earn 40 CPD credits in the 2023/2024 CPD cycle. Given the critical role that football agents play in the international transfer system, it is essential that they stay informed about the latest regulatory frameworks and key developments in the football world. Five CPD courses – the FIFA Football Agent Regulations, Registration of Players, Training Rewards, Release of Players for International Duty, and Representing Minors – were introduced in the 2023/2024 CPD calendar year. In addition to those, courses entitled Anti‑Trafficking, Third‑Party Influence & Third‑Party Ownership, and Rules for the Employment of Coaches were released in the new 2024/2025 CPD cycle. It is worth mentioning that, in the 2023/2024 CPD cycle, Registration of Players was

entitled Anti‑Trafficking, Third‑Party Influence & Third‑Party Ownership, and Rules for the Employment of Coaches were released in the new 2024/2025 CPD cycle. It is worth mentioning that, in the 2023/2024 CPD cycle, Registration of Players was by far the most‑completed course (by 95% of agents), followed by Release of Players for International Duty (89%), FIFA Football Agent Regulations (88%) and Training Rewards (76%).2. Licensing system 8 Compliance with ongoing licensing requirements On 1 October 2024, a new licensing period (2024/2025) started. Consequently, as provided by article 17 of the FFAR, this triggered the obligations to pay the licence renewal fee to FIFA and to comply with the CPD requirements by 30 September, as stipulated on the FIFA Agent Platform. If football agents fail to pay the annual licence fee to FIFA or to comply with the CPD requirements as mentioned above (or both), their licence will be automatically provisionally suspended. Failure to rectify the non‑compliance within 60 days of the licence being automatically provisionally suspended will result in the licence being withdrawn, and football agents must then complete the full licence application process again. On 1 October 2024, 2,616 licences were provisionally suspended for the following reasons: Non‑payment of the annual fee (1,777) Failure to comply with the CPD requirements (1,387) During the period covered by this report, FIFA also opened 21 investigations into football agents who failed to meet the eligibility requirements. Out of those 21 investigations: five investigations were still pending at the time of writing; one football agent had their licence provisionally suspended for failing to comply with article 5 paragraph 1 b) of the FFAR; three football agents had their licence provisionally suspended for failing to comply with article 5 paragraph 1 a) ii. of the FFAR; one football agent had their licence provisionally suspended for failing

one football agent had their licence provisionally suspended for failing to comply with article 5 paragraph 1 b) of the FFAR; three football agents had their licence provisionally suspended for failing to comply with article 5 paragraph 1 a) ii. of the FFAR; one football agent had their licence provisionally suspended for failing to comply with article 5 paragraph 1 a) i. and iv. of the FFAR; and 11 investigations were closed. A total of 1,825 licences were subsequently reinstated (as soon as the above‑mentioned requirements were met), whereas 406 licences were withdrawn. As of 5 December 2024, a total of 7,558 individuals were licensed football agents.

Of these licensed agents: 95% were male; 5% were female; their average age was 42 years; and 64.9% were authorised to represent minors.2. Licensing system

9 Out of the five football agents with investigations still pending, three have appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. All the decisions are published on the FIFA website. As a final point in relation to compliance with the eligibility requirements, it is worth mentioning the dispute between an agent and FIFA. This revolved around FIFA’s rejection of the agent’s licence application, citing his failure to meet the eligibility requirements outlined in article 5 paragraph 1 a) ii. of the FFAR and specifically the provision stating that applicants must have never been convicted of a criminal charge. Before CAS, the agent argued that FIFA violated his right to a defence by failing to notify him of crucial correspondence related to his licence application process. He claimed an exemption from the exam requirement based on his prior registration as an intermediary with the Portuguese Football Federation. Additionally, the agent contended that his criminal conviction, which was under appeal and not yet final, did not constitute a disqualifying offence under the FFAR. The CAS Panel first addressed the procedural issues raised by the agent, asserting CAS’s full power of review, including the ability to rectify procedural flaws. Consequently, it found that the agent had ample opportunity to present his

did not constitute a disqualifying offence under the FFAR. The CAS Panel first addressed the procedural issues raised by the agent, asserting CAS’s full power of review, including the ability to rectify procedural flaws. Consequently, it found that the agent had ample opportunity to present his case both in writing and orally during the CAS proceedings. It therefore dismissed his claim. Furthermore, the Panel examined the validity of the notifications sent by FIFA, determining that electronic notifications through the FIFA Agent Platform constituted valid means of communication under the FFAR. Subsequently, the Panel evaluated the legitimacy of rejecting the agent’s licence application, considering whether his criminal conviction aligned with the conditions outlined in article 5 paragraph a) ii. of the FFAR. It determined that the offence of “damage with violence” qualified as a “violent crime” under the FFAR. Additionally, it dismissed the argument that only final and binding convictions applied, emphasising the wording of the article and noting deliberate omissions of references to finality in the drafting process. Consequently, the Panel concluded that the agent’s failure to meet the FFAR requirements justified the rejection of his licence application. As a result, it dismissed the appeal and upheld the appealed decision.10 3. Updates on the football agent-related section on the FIFA website3. Updates on the football agent-related section on the FIFA website 11 FIFA has a dedicated football agent‑related section on its website where all the relevant information and documentation are published. The objective has always been to provide the relevant resources to everyone who is interested in football agent topics. This part of the report provides some additional updates implemented by FIFA in relation to these materials. We added the following four subsections to the website in 2024:

I. Publication of FIFA general secretariat decisions As provided by articles 5 and 17 of the FFAR, the FIFA general secretariat is responsible for investigating compliance with eligibility requirements with respect to football agents and candidates. As part of FIFA’s aim of increasing transparency and providing information on the various issues dealt with in relation to football agents, FIFA

As provided by articles 5 and 17 of the FFAR, the FIFA general secretariat is responsible for investigating compliance with eligibility requirements with respect to football agents and candidates. As part of FIFA’s aim of increasing transparency and providing information on the various issues dealt with in relation to football agents, FIFA publishes decisions taken by the FIFA general secretariat regarding compliance with eligibility requirements.

II. National football agent regulations This section is a tool to supply prompt access to the member associations’ provisions regarding national football agent regulations. The content and documents are the strict responsibility of member associations. We advise you to check with the relevant member association that the documents provided in this section are the latest version of the regulations.

III. III. Legal minimum age for signing a professional employment Legal minimum age for signing a professional employment contractcontract To increase knowledge and transparency, a new section has been added to the FIFA website.

The purpose of this section is to provide a general overview of the legal minimum age for signing a professional employment contract in the territory under the jurisdiction of each member association. Please note that the content is the strict responsibility of the member associations. As above, we advise you to check with the relevant member association that the information provided is consistent with the latest applicable national law.

IV. Football Agent Working Group Information and details regarding the Football Agent Working Group now have their own section on our website. This contains details of the members, the range of topics that have been discussed and a number of measures that have either been implemented in the aftermath or are in the process of being put in place.12

4. Agents in men's professional football4. Agents in men’s professional football 13 4.1 Club agents Total spending on club agent service fees reached a total outlay of USD 709.6 million

in 2024. This is a decrease of 20.2% compared to the level of spending in 2023. Figure 1: Clubs’ spending on agent service fees (USD) In 2024, club agents were involved in a total of 2,185 international transfers: in 1,678 of these, only the engaging club had an agent; in 303, only the releasing club had one; and in the remaining 204 transfers, both clubs employed an agent to represent them in the transfer. This is a new record and represents an increase of 6.7% compared to 2023. While the absolute number of transfers involving an engaging ‑club agent is substantially higher than that involving releasing ‑club agents, they are quite similar in relative terms. In 8.3% of all international transfers completed in 2024 so far, there was an engaging‑club agent involved. Similarly, a releasing‑club agent was present in 7.8% of all transfers in which the releasing club was involved in the transfer process in TMS.1 It is worth noting also that only 1,196 out of the total 7,558 licensed football agents have provided football agent services to and receive service fees from clubs in an international transfer.

Agent type: Representing engaging club

2014 198.8m 239.0m 2018 397.6m 548.1m 150.5m 2016 277.5m 386.8m 109.3m 2020 327.2m 497.5m 170.3m 2023 646.9m 889.5m 242.5m 2015 228.2m 297.9m 69.6m 2019 425.6m 654.7m 229.1m 2022

450.3m 623.2m 172.9m 2017 282.8m 447.5m 164.7m 2021 365.1m 501.2m 136.1m 2024 478.6m 709.6m 231.0m Representing releasing club 1 The percentage of transfers with releasing-club agents is based on all transfers excluding out-of-contract transfers and returns from loans as they do not involve a releasing club and can therefore never involve a releasing-club agent.4. Agents in men’s professional football 14 Figure 2: Number and percentage of international transfers with club agents As in previous years, the share of transfers with club agents was substantially higher among transfers that involved a transfer fee compared to transfers in which the engaging club paid no transfer fee to the releasing club. In transfers that included a transfer fee, the share of transfers with a club agent was at 12.0% in the case of transfers with releasing ‑club agents and it even reached 28.4% for transfers involving engaging‑club agents. As shown in the figure below, these shares were even higher where the respective transfer fee was higher. Figure 3: Percentage of international transfers with club agents, by size of transfer fee (YTD) Both clubs with agentEngaging club with agent % of transfers with engaging-club agents % of transfers with releasing-club agents 2014 799 140 983 6.0% 6.4% 2018 1,082 126 209 1,417 7.8% 7.3% 2016 1,048 153 1,286 6.4% 7.7% 2020 1,129 134 236 1,499 7.8% 7.3% 2023 1,534

209 305 2,048 8.6% 8.0% 2015 894 154 1,115 6.7% 7.1% 2019 1,143 166 232 1,541 8.1% 7.2% 2022 1,381 152 281 1,814 8.2% 7.5% 2017 1,086 111 207 1,404 7.8% 7.6% 2021 1,131 121 232 1,484 8.0% 6.9% 2024 1,678 204 303 2,185 7.8% 8.3% Releasing club with agent The percentage of transfers with releasing-club agents is based on all transfers excluding out-of-contract transfers and returns from loans as they do not involve a releasing club and can therefore never involve a releasing-club agent. % of transfers with releasing-club agents% of transfers with engaging club-agents No fee 32.1% 36.5% 4.4% 19.7% 2.4% 14.5% 3.9% 20.9% 37.6% >500k-1m>0-500k >1m-5m >5m 57.0% Transfer fee (USD)4. Agents in men’s professional football 15 By far, the largest proportion of all club agents were employed by clubs in UEFA, which also account for the lion’s share of global spending on club agents. In 2024, clubs affiliated to UEFA member associations accounted for 85.4% of the total outlay for all club agent service fees in international transfers worldwide. Similarly, European clubs employed 90.4% of all engaging ‑club agents and 85.2% of all releasing ‑club agents. Figure 4: Clubs’ spending on agent service fees in USD and number of transfers with club agents, by confederation (YTD) In large part, the European dominance in spending can be attributed to clubs from

agents. Figure 4: Clubs’ spending on agent service fees in USD and number of transfers with club agents, by confederation (YTD) In large part, the European dominance in spending can be attributed to clubs from England, which were the top spenders by a long shot, with a combined total of more than USD 193 million. Italian clubs had the second‑biggest spending on engaging‑club agents with USD 66.4 million. The Netherlands had the highest share of incoming transfers that involved an engaging ‑club agent, with 46.7%, whereas Serbia had the greatest share of outgoing transfers with a releasing‑club agent, with 30.3%. 7 transfers with releasing-club agent 3.0m spent on releasing-club agents 12 transfers with engaging-club agent 5.7m spent on engaging-club agents 39 transfers with releasing-club agent 29.6m spent on releasing-club agents 50 transfers with engaging-club agent 14.6m spent on engaging-club agents 432 transfers with releasing-club agent 197.1m spent on releasing-club agents 1,702 transfers with engaging-club agent 408.6m spent on engaging-club agents 7 transfers with releasing-club agent 914.1k spent on releasing-club agents 111 transfers with engaging-club agent 49.5m spent on engaging-club agents 19 transfers with releasing-club agent 75.2k spent on releasing-club agents 7 transfers with engaging-club agent 159.5k spent on engaging-club agents 3 transfers with releasing-club agent 371.0k spent on releasing-club agents4. Agents in men’s professional football 16

agents 7 transfers with engaging-club agent 159.5k spent on engaging-club agents 3 transfers with releasing-club agent 371.0k spent on releasing-club agents4. Agents in men’s professional football 16 Figure 5: Member associations featuring in at least one of the top-five rankings by spending on engaging-club and releasing-club agents (USD) and by percentage of incoming and outgoing transfers with engaging-club and releasing-club agents (YTD)

BRAZIL

DENMARK

SWEDEN

NETHERLANDS

SERBIA

SAUDI ARABIA

ITALY SPAIN

PORTUGAL

FRANCE ENGLAND agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 19.2% 24.0m 14.1% 12.2m Incoming Outgoing agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 11.0% 4.9m 34.1% 6.4m Incoming Outgoing agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 15.6% 4.1m 33.2% 4.6m Incoming Outgoing agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 11.7% 4.9m 46.7% 5.5m Incoming Outgoing agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 5.9% 536.0k 19.8% 43.5m Incoming Outgoing agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 30.3% 7.7m 4.7% 1.3m Incoming Outgoing agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 24.6% 27.9m 34.7% 66.4m Incoming Outgoing agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 9.6%

25.1m 43.4% 167.9m Incoming Outgoing agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 11.0% 16.8m 10.9% 32.2m Incoming Outgoing agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 7.3% 27.8m 3.6% 13.3m Incoming Outgoing agent fees agent fees with agents with agents 23.0% 43.5m 22.2% 30.7m Incoming Outgoing Note: Spending on engaging-club and releasing-club agents is only shown for member associations with at least five transfers with agents representing the engaging/releasing club respectively.4. Agents in men’s professional football 17 In just over 91% of all cases, club agents received less than USD 1 million in service fees per transaction, with service fees ranging between USD 10,000 and USD 100,000 being the most common. However, the 196 instances in which the service fees exceeded USD 1 million accounted for more than half (60.5%) of the total amount paid by clubs to agents, with isolated cases of service fees even surpassing USD 16 million. Higher service fees for agents were also more common among transfers that also included a transfer fee. In absolute terms, the median service fees were higher in transfers with higher transfer fees. This was true for both engaging‑club and releasing‑club agents. When expressed as a percentage of the transfer fee, however, the median service fees decreased as the transfer fee increased. Figure 6: Number of transfers with club agents, by transfer fee and size of agent service fees paid by clubs (YTD) 0 842 507 36 371 55 141 20 221 70

>10k-100k>0-10k >100k-1m >1m 126 105 266 450 392 127 205 69103 Transfers with engaging-club agents Transfers with releasing-club agents with transfer fees with transfer fees without transfer fees without transfer fees 372 135 Service fee (USD)4. Agents in men’s professional football 18 Figure 7: Median club agent service fees in USD and in % of the transfer fee, by size of the transfer fee (YTD) There were 25 triple representations and a total of 840 double representations. Of those double representations, an agent represented the engaging club and the player 741 times, the releasing club and the player 71 times and the engaging and releasing clubs 28 times. The highest number of representations by a single football agent was 40, while the highest number of transfers involved by a single football agent was 27. The total amount of service fees registered in TMS for that single agent was approximately USD 16 million. However, the highest total amount of service fees registered in TMS for one agent was approximately USD 40 million. >0-500k 153.2k 7.5% 24.2k 20.6% 69.1k 11.0% 19.4k 10.0% 163.7k 9.5% 63.6k 9.5% 838.3k >1m-5m>500k-1m >5m 825.0k Engaging-club agent service fees (median) Releasing-club agent service fees (median) in USD in USD in % of transfer fee in % of transfer fee 6.5% 7.2.% Transfer fee (USD)4. Agents in men’s professional football 19 British agents represented clubs most often in 2024, being involved in 304 transfers with a club agent. Agents from Italy were involved in the next ‑greatest share with 241 transfers, with agents from France following close behind with 220 transfers.

Transfer fee (USD)4. Agents in men’s professional football 19 British agents represented clubs most often in 2024, being involved in 304 transfers with a club agent. Agents from Italy were involved in the next ‑greatest share with 241 transfers, with agents from France following close behind with 220 transfers. When it comes to service fees, Italian agents led the way, receiving a total of USD 98.1 million from transfers with a club agent. British and Brazilian agents complete the top three, with USD 78.9 million and USD 73.8 million in club service fees, respectively. Figure 8: T op five agent nationalities, by number of transfers with club agents (YTD) Figure 9: T op five agent nationalities, by club service fees (USD) (YTD) British French Italian Spanish Portuguese 304 241 220 156 150 Italian Brazilian British Portuguese Spanish 98.1m 78.9m 73.8m 69.2m 57.0m4. Agents in men’s professional football 20 4.2 Player agents The number of international transfers with an agent acting on behalf of the player reached a total of 3,105 transfers in 2024. This corresponds to 13.7% of all transfers and represents a decrease of 7.6% compared to 2023. Only 1,539 out of the total 7,558 licensed football agents (approximately 20%) have provided football agent services to players in an international transfer. Figure 10: Number and percentage of international transfers with player agents % of all transfersTransfers with player agents 2014 2,049 15.6% 2018 2,312 14.0% 2016 2,247 15.4%

2020 2,497 14.5% 2023 3,360 15.4% 2015 1,919 14.1% 2019 2,671 14.8% 2022 3,093 15.2% 2017 2,266 14.5% 2021 2,621 14.5% 2024 3,105 13.7%4. Agents in men’s professional football 21 In a similar way to the relationship between transfer fees and the involvement of club agents in transfers, player agents tend to appear more frequently in transfers with higher player salaries, in particular for younger players. Overall, player agents become less frequent the older the player, but this effect is less pronounced than that of the player’s total fixed remuneration. Figure 11: Percentage of transfers with player agents, by player age and total fixed remuneration (YTD) Player age <18 years old >0-50k >100k-1m >50k-100k >1m-5m >5m 18-23 years old 24-29 years old 30-35 years old >35 years old 11.0% 11.9% 20.5% 10.0% 5.3% 19.7% 28.8% 41.1% 54.0% 4.2% 16.5% 22.8% 34.1% 42.4% 3.1% 10.7% 18.3% 27.8% 30.4% 5.9% 23.5% 35.7%4. Agents in men’s professional football 22 Players from Aotearoa New Zealand used agents the most in 2024, being represented by one or more agents in more than half (52.6%) of their international transfers.

Players from Denmark (43.6%) and Norway (40.2%) complete the top three. Figure 12: T op five nationalities, by percentage of transfers with player agents (YTD) British agents represented players most often in 2024, being involved in 518 international transfers involving a player agent. Agents from France (232) and Spain (166) complete the top three. Figure 13: T op five agent nationalities, by number of transfers with player agents (YTD) New Zealand Norwegian Danish Czech Icelandic 52.6% 43.6% 40.2% 39.5% 39.1% British Spanish French Dutch Italian 518 232 166 151 14523 5 . Agents in women's professional football5. Agents in women's professional football 24 5.1 Club agents For the second time ever, clubs in women’s professional football in 2024 spent more than USD 1 million for the services of club agents, with a total outl