HCCH - Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Session (2019), Tome I, Judgments, Book 3 – Special Commission

Conférence de La Haye de droit international privé Hague Conference on Private International Law

Actes et documents de la Vingt-deuxième session

Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Session

Tome I Jugements Judgments

Cahier 3 Commission spéciale Book 3 Special CommissionActes et documents de la Vingt-deuxième session Proceedings of the Twenty-Second SessionConférence de La Haye de droit international privé Hague Conference on Private International Law Actes et documents de la Vingt-deuxième session 18 juin au 2 juillet 2019 Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Session 18 June to 2 July 2019 Tome I Jugements Judgments Cahier 3 Commission spéciale Book 3 Special Commission Édités par le Bureau Permanent Publiés par la HCCH/La Haye/2023 Edited by the Permanent Bureau Published by HCCH/The Hague/2023eBook: ISBN 978-90-83320-69-4 © 2023 Hague Conference on Private International Law Hague Conference on Private International Law Churchillplein 6B 2517 JW The Hague | Netherlands fax: +31 (0)70 360 4867 <www.hcch.net> All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law.Avis au lecteur Notice to the reader 5 Avis au lecteur

Notice to the reader

microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Permanent Bureau of the Hague Conference on Private International Law.Avis au lecteur Notice to the reader 5 Avis au lecteur

Notice to the reader

La présente publication est la première d’une série de deux tomes intitulés Actes et documents de la Vingt-deuxième session. Cette série contient l’ensemble des procès-verbaux et documents de travail ayant trait à la Vingt-deuxième session de la HCCH, ainsi que les documents afférents aux réunions préparatoires de la Commission spéciale et aux études préliminaires menées par le Bureau Permanent. Sa forme et son contenu ont été définis dans un souci de mettre à la disposition de toutes les personnes intéressées – juges, universitaires, avocats, particuliers, administrations nationales – les travaux qui ont conduit à l’adoption de la Convention du 2 juillet 2019 sur la reconnaissance et l’exé-cution des jugements étrangers en matière civile ou com-merciale, en vue de permettre au lecteur de mieux com-prendre le texte et les débats qui ont déterminé les solutions consacrées dans la Convention. Ce premier tome, divisé en cinq cahiers, rassemble les do-cuments directement liés au texte final de la Convention HCCH Jugements de 2019, dont le Rapport explicatif élaboré par les Professeurs Francisco Garcimartín et Geneviève Saumier.

Ce premier tome, divisé en cinq cahiers, rassemble les do-cuments directement liés au texte final de la Convention HCCH Jugements de 2019, dont le Rapport explicatif élaboré par les Professeurs Francisco Garcimartín et Geneviève Saumier. Le tome II, consacré aux matières diverses, renferme des informations générales telles que la composition des délé-gations et les procès-verbaux des séances d’ouverture et de clôture. La suite est consacrée au texte intégral de l’Acte final de la Vingt-deuxième session, ainsi qu’aux proposi-tions de travail et procès-verbaux de la Commission II sur les affaires générales et la politique. Tous les documents afférents aux réunions annuelles du CAGP, qui se sont te-nues entre les Vingt et unième et Vingt-deuxième sessions, ne sont pas inclus dans le tome II mais sont disponibles sur le site web de la HCCH (<www.hcch.net>). La HCCH est une organisation bilingue, l’anglais et le fran-çais étant ses langues officielles au moment de la tenue de la Vingt-deuxième session. Par conséquent, les documents contenus dans les Actes et documents sont reproduits, dans la mesure du possible, dans les deux langues. Conformé-ment à la pratique de la HCCH, les interventions formulées par les délégués lors de la Vingt-deuxième session ont été rendues en français ou en anglais selon la langue dans la-quelle l’intervention a été prononcée.

Les travaux d’édition afférents à la publication des Actes et documents ont été assurés par Mmes Hélène Guérin, Lydie De Loof, Sandrine Brard et Anna Koelewijn. This publication is the first in a series of two Tomes en-titled Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Session. This se-ries contains all the minutes and working documents of the Twenty-Second Session of the HCCH as well as relevant documents from the preparatory Special Commission meet-ings and the preliminary studies carried out by the Perma-nent Bureau. Its form and its content have been determined by the concern to render accessible to all interested per-sons – including judges, academics, lawyers, private indi-viduals, and national administrations – the working mate-rials which led to the Convention of 2 July 2019 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters, with the aim of enhancing the reader’s comprehension of the text and the thinking that determined which solutions were to be embodied in the Convention. This first Tome, which is divided into five books, encom-passes the documents directly related to the final text of the HCCH 2019 Judgments Convention, including the Explana-tory Report drawn up by Professor Francisco Garcimartín and Professor Geneviève Saumier. Tome II concerning Miscellaneous matters includes gen-eral information such as the membership of the delegations and the minutes of the Opening and Closing Sessions. The complete text of the Final Act of the Twenty-Second Session appears thereafter. It also contains the documents relating to the Twenty-Second Session’s Commission on General Affairs and Policy. All documents related to the annual CGAP meetings that were held between the Twenty-First and Twenty-Second Sessions are not in-cluded in Tome II but are available on the HCCH website (<www.hcch.net>).

The HCCH is a bilingual organisation with both English and French being its official languages at the time of the Twenty-Second Session. Thus, the documents included in the Pro-ceedings are reproduced to the extent possible in both lan-guages. In accordance with the practice of the HCCH, the remarks made by delegates during the Twenty-Second Ses-sion have been rendered in French or in English depending on the language in which the intervention was made. Editing of the Proceedings was carried out by Ms Helene Guerin, Mrs Lydie De Loof, Mrs Sandrine Brard and Mrs Anna Koelewijn.6 Avis au lecteur Notice to the reader La collection complète des Actes et documents de la Vingt-deuxième session (2019) se présente comme suit : Tome I – Jugements (cinq cahiers) Tome II – Matières diverses Rompant avec les pratiques antérieures, le présent Cahier reproduit les Documents de travail des quatre réunions de la Commission spéciale sur la reconnaissance et l’exécution des jugements étrangers. Les différents projets de textes illustrant l’évolution de la Convention HCCH Jugements de 2019 revêtent une importance particulière. Le présent Ca-hier renferme également les aide-mémoires du Président de la Commission spéciale, qui résument les progrès réalisés lors des réunions, les questions ayant fait l’objet de discus-sions et certaines questions spécifiques nécessitant un exa-men plus approfondi. Les Actes et documents de la Vingt-deuxième session sont uniquement disponibles en format électronique. Les publications de la HCCH peuvent être consultées sur le site web (<www.hcch.net>). Le Bureau Permanent peut être contacté à l’adresse suivante : Churchillplein 6b, 2517 JW La Haye, Pays-Bas (courrier électronique : secretariat@ hcch.net). Le Secrétaire général Le Président de la de la HCCH, Vingt-deuxième session,

C. BERNASCONI P. VLAS

Le Secrétaire général Le Président de la de la HCCH, Vingt-deuxième session,

C. BERNASCONI P. VLAS

The complete collection of the Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Session (2019) is as follows: Tome I – Judgments (five books) Tome II – Miscellaneous matters In a break with past practice, this Book reproduces the Working Documents of the four meetings of the Special Commission on the Recognition and Enforcement of For-eign Judgments. Of particular importance are the various draft texts illustrating the evolution of the HCCH 2019 Judgments Convention. The current Book also contains the Aide memoires of the Chair of the Special Commission, which summarised the progress made at the meetings, the issues discussed, and some specific matters that required further consideration. The Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Session are only available in electronic format. Publications of the HCCH can be consulted on the website (<www.hcch.net>). The Permanent Bureau can be contact-ed at Churchillplein 6b, 2517 JW The Hague, The Nether-lands (e-mail: secretariat@hcch.net). The Secretary General The President of the of the HCCH, Twenty-Second Session,

C. BERNASCONI P. VLASNote Notice 7

Commission spéciale Special Commission Note du Bureau Permanent

Notice by the Permanent Bureau

Conformément à la pratique antérieure, les procès-verbaux de la Commission spéciale n’ont pas été reproduits dans le présent tome. Exceptionnellement cependant, les Docu-ments de travail de la Commission spéciale sont reproduits dans le présent tome car ils peuvent présenter un intérêt particulier pour les lecteurs souhaitant comprendre l’évolu-tion des négociations sur la Convention HCCH Jugements de 2019, en particulier à travers les différents projets de textes.

Le présent Cahier présente également les aide-mémoires du Président de la Commission spéciale, rapports qui accom-pagnaient les projets de Convention résultant de chaque réunion de la Commission spéciale. Ces aide-mémoires donnent un aperçu de l’avancement des réunions de la Commission spéciale, exposent certaines questions spéci-fiques discutées et identifient des sujets nécessitant une discussion plus approfondie.

In keeping with prior practice, the Minutes of the Special Commission have not been reproduced in this tome. Excep-tionally however, the Working Documents of the Special Commission are published herein as they may be of par-ticular interest for readers wishing to comprehend the evo-lution of the negotiations on the HCCH 2019 Judgments Convention, in particular through the various draft texts. The present Book also features the Aide memoires of the Chair of the Special Commission, reports that accompanied the draft Conventions resulting from each Special Commis-sion meeting. These Aide memoires provided overviews of the progress of the Special Commission meetings, set out some specific issues discussed, and identified matters re-quiring further discussion8 Liste/List – Participants Liste/List – Participants Liste des participants à la Commission spéciale

List of participants in the Special Commission meetings

La Commission spéciale a siégé du 1er au 9 juin 2016, du 16 au 24 février 2017, du 13 au 17 novembre 2017 et du 24 au 29 mai 2018. The Special Commission met from 1 to 9 June 2016, from 16 to 24 February 2017, from 13 to 17 November 2017 and from 24 to 29 May 2018.

E X P E R T S D E S M E M B R E S R E P R É S E N T É S E X P E R T S O F T H E M E M B E R S R E P R E S E N T E D

Afrique du Sud/South Africa

E X P E R T S O F T H E M E M B E R S R E P R E S E N T E D Afrique du Sud/South Africa Mr Siya Mpongosha2, 4, State Law Advisor (International Law), Office of the Chief State Law Advisor, Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO), Pretoria Mr André Stemmet2, 3, 4, Legal Counsellor, Embassy of the Republic of South Africa, The Hague Allemagne/Germany Mr Rolf Wagner, Ministerialrat, Head of Division for Pri-vate International Law, Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz, Berlin Mr Anton Geier2, Maître en Droit (Aix-Marseille), Division for Private International Law, Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz/Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection, Berlin Ms Petra Schmitt3, 4, Third Secretary, Legal Affairs, Em-bassy of Germany, The Hague (previously Attaché2) Arabie saoudite/Saudi Arabia H.E. Mr Abdulaziz Abdullah Abohaimed2, 4, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, The Hague Mr Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshammeri2, Head of Legal Affairs, Consular Affairs, Minister Plenipotentiary, Minis-try of Foreign Affairs, Riyadh Mr Yaser Hmad A. Alasim3, Counsellor, Ministry of Jus-tice, Riyadh Mr Farhan Al Farhan3, 4, First Secretary, Political Coordi-nator, Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, The Hague

1 A assisté à la Première réunion. Si aucun numéro n’est indiqué, cela signifie que le participant a assisté aux quatre réunions de la Commission spéciale./Attended the First Meeting. The absence of numbers indicates that the participant attended all four Special Commission meetings. 2 A assisté à la Deuxième réunion./Attended the Second Meeting. 3 A assisté à la Troisième réunion./Attended the Third Meeting.

2 A assisté à la Deuxième réunion./Attended the Second Meeting. 3 A assisté à la Troisième réunion./Attended the Third Meeting. 4 A assisté à la Quatrième réunion./Attended the Fourth Meeting. Membre lors des réunions de la Commission spéciale de février 2017, no-vembre 2017 et mai 2018./Member during the February 2017, November 2017 and May 2018 Special Commission meetings. Mr Faisal Falah Alharbi2, 3, Counsellor, Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia, The Hague Mrs Rabbah Nasser M. Almushaikeh2, Second Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Riyadh Mr Abdulaziz Saleh Alsuhayman4, Execution Judge, Minis-try of Justice, Riyadh Mr Meshal Abdulaziz Akhriji4, Administration Assistant, Ministry of Justice, Riyadh Mr Abdullah Muhanna Almuhanna4, Administration Assis-tant, Ministry of Justice, Riyadh Mr Mubarek Mansour Al Qasim4, Administration Assistant, Ministry of Justice, Riyadh Argentine/Argentina Ms Erica Silvina Lucero2, 3, 4, First Secretary, Embassy of Argentina, The Hague (previously Second Secretary1) Ms Andrea Laura Mackielo2, 4, Third Secretary, Office of the Legal Adviser (15th floor), Ministry of Foreign Rela-tions and Worship, Buenos Aires (previously Secretary of Embassy1) Ms Carolina Daniela Iud1, 2, 3, Professor of Private Interna-tional Law, University of Palermo and University of Bue-nos Aires, Buenos Aires Ms Yanina Berra Rocca3, 4, First Secretary, Embassy of Argentina, The Hague Australie/Australia

Australie/Australia Mr Andrew Walter1, 2, Assistant Secretary, Civil Law Unit, Attorney General’s Department, Barton Ms Autumn O’Keeffe3, Assistant Secretary (A/g), Civil Law Unit, Attorney General’s Department, Canberra Ms Melissa-Jane Ford4, Acting Director, Private Interna-tional Law and Commercial Policy Unit, Attorney Gen-eral’s Department, Canberra (previously A/g Principal Le-gal Officer3) Ms Sophie Vasenszky1, 2, Senior Legal Officer, Private In-ternational Law, Attorney General’s Department, Barton Mr Edward Lee4, Senior Legal Officer, Private Internation-al Law and Commercial Policy Unit, Attorney General’s Department, Canberra Mr Richard Garnett1, 2, Professor, University of Melbourne, Law School, Parkville Mr William Underwood1, Second Secretary, Embassy of Australia, The Hague Ms Christina Hey-Nguyen2, Second Secretary, Legal Ad-viser, Embassy of Australia, The Hague Autriche/Austria Ms Petra Peer3, 4, Judge, Directorate General for Civil Law, Bundesministerium für Justiz, Vienna Bélarus/Belarus Mr Mikalai Kernazhytski2, Counsellor, Embassy of the Republic of Belarus, The Hague Belgique/Belgium

M. Biagio Zammitto, Attaché, Direction générale de la lé-gislation et des libertés et droits fondamentaux, Service du droit patrimonial et du droit de la procédure civile, Service Public Fédéral de la Justice, Bruxelles Brésil/Brazil H.E. Mr Piragibe dos Santos Tarragô1, Ambassador of Brazil, Embassy of Brazil, The HagueListe/List – Participants Liste/List – Participants 9

Mr André de Carvalho Ramos3, Federal Prosecutor, Pro-curadoria-Geral da República, Brasilia Mr Luiz Otávio Ortigão de Sampaio4, Counsellor, Embassy of Brazil, The Hague Mr Paulo Camargo Carneiro2, 3, 4, Deputy-Head, Division for International Legal Cooperation, Ministério das Rela-çoes Exteriores, Brasilia Mr Boni de M. Soares1, 3, 4, State Attorney for Brazil; Di-rector of International Department, Office of the Attorney General of the Union, Brasilia Mrs Nereida de Lima Del Águila2, State Attorney, Interna-tional Department, Attorney General’s Office, Brasilia Mr Arnaldo José Alves Silveira2, General-Coordinator for International Legal Cooperation, Department of Assets Recovery and International Legal Cooperation, Ministry of Justice, Brasilia Ms Denise Neves Abade4, Federal Prosecutor, Procura-doria-Geral da República, Brasilia Mr Marcelo de Nardi, Professor, Federal Judge, Federal Regional Court of the 4th Region, Porto Alegre Ms Nádia de Araújo, Lawyer, Professor of Private Interna-tional Law, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Ms Inez Lopes Matos Carneiro de Farias2, 3, 4, Professor of Private International Law, Faculty of Law, University of Brasilia, Rio Branco Institute, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bra-silia Mr Fabricio Bertini Pasquot Polido2, 3, 4, Professor of In-ternational Law, Faculty of Law, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais Ms Fabiana Arazini Garcia Kanadoglu1, 2, First Secretary, Embassy of Brazil, The Hague Ms Claudia Perotto Biagi1, International Legal Coopera-tion Division, Ministério das Relaçoes Exteriores, Brasilia Mr Leonardo Luis Gorgulho Fernandes2, Minister-Counsellor, Embassy of Brazil, The Hague Ms Lidia Spitz Spilberg4, Visiting Scholar, Duke Univer-sity, School of Law; PhD Candidate at State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro

Bulgarie/Bulgaria Ms Ekaterina Todorova3, 4, Head of Cooperation in Civil Matters Unit, International Legal Co-operation and Euro-pean Affairs Directorate, Ministry of Justice, Sofia (previ-ously State Expert2) Ms Mitka Zaharlieva2, 4, Counsellor for Justice and Home Affairs, Permanent Representation of the Republic of Bul-garia to the European Union, Brussels (previously State Expert, International Legal Cooperation and European Af-fairs Directorate, Ministry of Justice, Sofia1) Ms Liliana Gurova1, State Expert, International Legal Co-operation and European Affairs Directorate, Ministry of Justice, Sofia Mrs Nadia Zhivkova-Vaneva3, Third Secretary, Legal Ad-viser, Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria, The Hague Ms Tsvetana Kamenova2, Professor, Law Faculty, Universi-ty of National and World Economy (UNWE), Sofia Canada H.E. Ms Sabine Nölke2, Ambassador of Canada, Embassy of Canada, The Hague Ms Kathryn Sabo, General Counsel, Constitutional, Admin-istrative and International Law Section, Department of Jus-tice Canada, Ottawa Ms Sarah J. Dafoe2, 4, Chief of Staff to the Deputy Minis-ter, Alberta Justice and Solicitor General, Edmonton Mr Russell Getz1, Counsel, Civil Law Policy and Legisla-tion, Ministry of the Attorney General for British Colum-bia, Victoria

M. Patrick Ferland2, 3, 4, Associé, LCM Avocats, Montréal Mr Michael Ryan3, Counsel, Innovation Science and Eco-nomic Development Legal Services, Department of Justice Canada, Ottawa Mme Christine Hudon4, Avocate, Services juridiques ISDEC, Ministère de la Justice Canada, Ottawa Mme Frédérique Sabourin1, 3, 4 , Avocate, Direction des orientations et politiques, Direction générale de l’accès à la justice, Ministère de la Justice du Québec, Québec Ms Geneviève Saumier, Peter M. Laing Q.C. Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, McGill University, Montreal Mr Gregory K. Steele1, Barrister and Solicitor (Retired), West Vancouver Ms Neelu Shanker2, Second Secretary (Political and Legal Affairs), Embassy of Canada, The Hague Chili/Chile H.E. Ms María Teresa Infante1, 2, 4, Ambassador of Chile, Embassy of the Republic of Chile, The Hague Ms Verónica Paz Pincheira Hill1, Lawyer, Ministry of Jus-tice, Santiago Mr Juan Enrique Loyer4, Second Secretary, Diplomat, Em-bassy of the Republic of Chile, The Hague (previously Third Secretary1, 2 and Legal Adviser3) Mrs Javiera Soto2, Lawyer, Assistant for the Chilean Dele-gation, Embassy of the Republic of Chile, The Hague

Chine/China

Mr Ang Sun1, 2, Deputy Director-General, Department of Treaty and Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beijing Mr Jin Sun3, 4, Counsellor, Department of Treaty and Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beijing (previously Deputy Director-General, International Cooperation Department, Supreme Court of the People’s Republic of China1, 2) Mr Yong Zhou1, 3, 4, Deputy Director, Department of Treaty and Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beijing Mr Guanqiao Chen2, Deputy Director, Department of Trea-ty and Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beijing Mr Tanshuo Xu1, Attaché, Department of Treaty and Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beijing Mr Qiong Wu2, 3, 4, Third Secretary, Department of Treaty and Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beijing Mr Qisheng He2, Senior Legal Officer, Department of Trea-ty and Law, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Beijing Mr Zhaohui Zeng1, Director, International Cooperation Department, Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Re-public of China, Beijing Ms Shu Tong3, 4, Senior Judge, Intellectual Property Divi-sion, Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing Mr Xiangyang Xi1, 2, 3, Senior Judge, No 4 Civil Division, Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing Mr Zhaohui Zeng3, Senior Judge, Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing Ms Xiaomin Dong2, Judge, No 3 Civil Division, Supreme Court of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing Mr Fuen Qiu2, 3, Deputy Division Director, Department of Treaty and Law, State Intellectual Property Office, Beijing Ms Shuang Hu3, Section Chief, International Affairs Divi-sion, Copyright Department, National Copyright Admin-istration of China, Beijing Ms Lei Zhao4, Second Secretary,

Embassy of the People’s Republic of China, The Hague Mr James Ding4, Deputy Law Officer (Treaties and Law), International Law Division, Department of Justice, Central Hong Kong SAR Mr Haibo Gou1, Legal Counsellor, Embassy of the People’s Republic of China, The Hague10 Liste/List – Participants Liste/List – Participants

Mr Guoshun Sun2, 3, 4, Counsellor, Legal Adviser, Embassy of the People’s Republic of China, The Hague Ms Peggy Au-Yeung3, 4, Acting Senior Assistant Solicitor General (Special Duties), Department of Justice, Hong Kong SAR (previously Deputy Principal Government Coun-sel (Acting), Legal Policy Division2) Ms Melody Po Yu Hui, Senior Government Counsel (Trea-ties and Law), International Law Division, Department of Justice, Hong Kong SAR Mr Dexue Liu2, Director, Legal Affairs Bureau, Direcção dos Serviços de Assuntos de Justiça (DSAJ), Macao SAR Ms Ilda Cristina Fernandes de Sousa Ferreira3, 4, Depart-ment Head of the International and Inter-Regional Law Department, Legal Affairs Bureau, Direcção dos Serviços de Assuntos de Justiça (DSAJ), Macao SAR Ms Wong Kio Chan3, Division Head, Treaty Division, Le-gal Affairs Bureau, Direcção dos Serviços de Assuntos de Justiça ( DSAJ), Macao SAR (previously Acting Division Chief1) Mr Rui Miguel Prista Patricio Cascão3, Legal Advisor, Department of Legislation Production, Legal Affairs Bu-reau, Direcção dos Serviços de Assuntos de Justiça (DSAJ), Macao SAR Mr Licheng Chen2, Adviser of the Office of the President of the Court of Final Appeal, Court of Final Appeal, Macao SAR Mr Weng Hei Ho2, Senior Officer, Legal Affairs Bureau, Direcção dos Serviços de Assuntos de Justiça (DSAJ), Ma-cao SAR Mr Guangjian Tu3, Full Professor of Law, University of Macao, Macao SAR Mr Qisheng He1, 3, 4, Professor of Law, School of Law, Wuhan University, Wuhan Mr Song Lu2, Professor of Law, China Foreign Affairs University, Beijing Mr Guojian Xu, Managing Partner, Boss and Young Attor-neys-at-Law, Shanghai1, 2, 3 ; Dean of International Law School, Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai3, 4 Chypre/Cyprus

Chypre/Cyprus Mr Symeon C. Symeonides4, Dean Emeritus and Alex L. Parks Distinguished Chair in Law, Willamette University, College of Law, Salem, OR, United States of America (pre-viously Dean and Alex L. Parks Distinguished Professor of Law1, 2) Mr Nicos Argyrides2, 3, 4, Deputy Head of Mission, Embas-sy of Cyprus, The Hague (previously Second Secretary1) Ms Elena Charmpi3, Advisor, Embassy of Cyprus, The Hague Ms Maria Charitou3, Embassy of Cyprus, The Hague Corée, République de/Korea, Republic of Mr Jongsun Kang1, 2, 3, Counsellor, Embassy of the Repub-lic of Korea , The Hague Mr Seung Jun Mo4, Counsellor, Embassy of the Republic of Korea, The Hague Ms Juhee Han4, Third Secretary, Treaties Division, Minis-try of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Seoul Mr Jiyong Jang4, Judge, Research Fellow, Judicial Policy Research Institute, Seoul Central District Court, Seoul Mr Guksik Kim4, Judge, Seoul Southern District Court, Seoul Mr Injun Hwang1, 2, 4, Judge, Suwon District Court, Gye-onggi-do Mr Dongjin Lee1, 2, Judge, Incheon District Court, Incheon Mrs Yoon Jong Kim3, Judge, Judicial Research Division, Supreme Court of Korea, Seoul Ms Eunkyung Park3, Second Secretary, Treaties Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Seoul Mr Junhyok Jang, Professor, Sungkyunkwan University Law School, Seoul Mr Sanghyun Kim4, Prosecutor, International Legal Affairs Division, Ministry of Justice, Gyeonggi-Do Mr Joohyun Park4, Deputy Director, International Legal Affairs Division, Ministry of Justice, Gyeonggi-Do Costa Rica

Mr Junhyok Jang, Professor, Sungkyunkwan University Law School, Seoul Mr Sanghyun Kim4, Prosecutor, International Legal Affairs Division, Ministry of Justice, Gyeonggi-Do Mr Joohyun Park4, Deputy Director, International Legal Affairs Division, Ministry of Justice, Gyeonggi-Do Costa Rica Mrs Alexandra Gonzalez Arguedas1, 2, 3, Minister Counsel-lor, Embassy of the Republic of Costa Rica, The Hague Mr Christian Kandler Rodríguez2, Minister Counsellor, Embassy of the Republic of Costa Rica, The Hague Ms Ana Lorena Villalobos4, Minister Counsellor, Embassy of the Republic of Costa Rica, The Hague Mr Juan José Obando Peralta3, Abogado y Notario, Bufete Notarios Obando, Peralta & Rodriguez, OPR Legal S.A., San Jose Croatie/Croatia Mr Davor Ljubanovic2, 3, 4, Minister-Counsellor, Embassy of the Republic of Croatia, The Hague Danemark/Denmark Mr Jesper Aagaard4, Head of Section, Procedural Law Division, Danish Ministry of Justice, Copenhagen Mr Peter Arnt Nielsen4, Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg (previously Professor in Private In-ternational Law, Copenhagen Business School and College of Europe, Bruges, Belgium1, 2, 3; Head of Law Department, Copenhagen Business School2) Mr Kenny Rasmussen1, Head of Section, Ministry of Jus-tice, Copenhagen Mr Emil Wetendorff Nørgaard2, Head of Section, Proce-dural Law Division, Ministry of Justice, Copenhagen Mr Lars Solskov Lind3, Head of Division, Procedural Law Division, Danish Ministry of Justice, Copenhagen Équateur/Ecuador

Équateur/Ecuador Ms Mireya Muñoz Mera1, 2, Ambassador/Consul of Ecua-dor, Embassy of Ecuador, The Hague Mr José Yturralde1, 2, Vice Consul, Embassy of Ecuador, The Hague Mr Luis Felipe Aguilar Feijoo2, Officer, Dirección Nacio-nal de Asuntos Internacionales y Arbitraje de la Procura-duría General del Estado, Procuraduría General del Esta-do, Quito Mr Fernando Echeverria Davila3, Second Secretary, Em-bassy of Ecuador, The Hague Mr Nicolás Ortiz3, Intern at the Consulate of Ecuador, Em-bassy of Ecuador, The Hague Espagne/Spain Mr Francisco J. Garcimartín Alférez, Professor of Private International Law, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciu-dad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid Mr Fernando Fernandez-Aguayo3, Legal Adviser, Embassy of Spain, The Hague (previously Counsellor2) Estonie/Estonia Ms Pille Kriibi2, Counsellor for Judicial Affairs, Permanent Representation of Estonia to the European Union, Brussels, Belgium Ms Maarja Torga3, Expert, Ministry of Justice, Tallinn (previously Advisor in the Supreme Court, Supreme Court of Estonia, Tartu2)Liste/List – Participants Liste/List – Participants 11 Ms Gea Lepik3, Expert, Ministry of Justice, Tallinn Ms Käddi Tammiku2, Ministry of Justice, Tallinn États-Unis d’Amérique/United States of America Representatives Mr John J. Kim1, 2, Assistant Legal Adviser for Private In-ternational Law, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C. Mr Michael Coffee3, 4, Attorney-Adviser, Office of Private International Law, Office of the Legal Adviser, U.S. De-partment of State, Washington, D.C. Alternative representative Mr Timothy Schnabel, Attorney-Adviser, Office of the Le-gal Adviser, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C. Advisers

Alternative representative Mr Timothy Schnabel, Attorney-Adviser, Office of the Le-gal Adviser, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C. Advisers Mr David Carson3, Senior Counsel for Copyright, Office of Policy and International Affairs, Patent & Trademark Of-fice, U.S. Department of Commerce, Alexandria, VA Mr Christian A. Hannon3, 4, Patent Attorney, Office of Pol-icy and International Affairs, Patent & Trademark Office, U.S. Department of Commerce, Alexandria, VA Mr Paul Herrup, Trial Attorney, Office of Foreign Litiga-tion, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. Ms Jennifer McDowell3, Assistant General Counsel, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Executive Office of the President, Washington, D.C. Mr Joseph Whitlock3, Senior Director for Innovation and Intellectual Property, Office of the U.S. Trade Representa-tive, Executive Office of the President, Washington, D.C. Private sector advisers Mr Ronald A. Brand1, 2, 3, Professor of Law, University of Pittsburgh, School of Law, Pittsburgh, PA Ms Anita Ramasastry1, Chair, Uniform Law Commission; Professor, Washington Stat