Local Migration Governance in Ukraine Well‑developed Areas and Opportunities for Development (2025)-HC=1.pdf

LOCAL MIGRATION

GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE:

WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS AND

OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT MGIThe opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well‑being of migrants. _______________ Publisher: International Organization for Migration 17 route des Morillons P.O. Box 17 1211 Geneva 19

Switzerland T el.: +41 22 717 9111

Fax: +41 22 798 6150

Email: hq@iom.int Internet: www.iom.int Required citation: International Organization for Migration (IOM), 2025. Local Migration Governance in Ukraine: Well‑developed Areas and Opportunities for Development. IOM, Geneva.

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ISBN 978‑92‑9268‑999‑5 (PDF)

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LOCAL MIGRATION

GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE:

WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS AND

OPPORTUNITIES FOR

DEVELOPMENTMGI LIST OF FIGURES, TEXT BOXES AND TABLES iii INTRODUCTION iv

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK v

MIGRATION TRENDS vi

ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE xi

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS BY MGI DOMAIN 1

FINDINGS BY MGI DOMAINS 4

Adhere to international standards and fulfil migrants’ rights 5 Formulate policy using evidence and whole‑of‑government approach 8 Engage with partners to address migration and related issues 11 Advance the socioeconomic well‑being of migrants and society 14 Effectively address the mobility dimensions of crises 17 Ensure that migration takes place in a safe, orderly and regular manner 20

CONCLUSION 23

ANNEX 26

BIBLIOGRAPHY 28

LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS

AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT ii

CONTENTSLIST OF FIGURES, TEXT BOXES AND TABLES

MGI LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT iii Figure 1. Number of foreigners residing in Ukraine (2014–2024) vii Figure 2. Number of foreigners recognized as refugees and foreigners recognized as persons in need of subsidiary protection in Ukraine (2014–2024) viii Figure 3. Number and share of foreigners residing in Ukraine by oblast (2023) ix Figure 4. Administrative structure of Ukraine xiii

ADHERE TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND FULFIL MIGRANTS’ RIGHTS 5

Figure 5. Common policy areas: well‑developed areas and areas with potential for development 5 T ext box 1. Areas for future development 6

AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT iv INTRODUCTION In 2024, IOM conducted four local Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) assessments in Ukraine, 1 in coordination with the public authorities of Kharkiv City, Odesa City, Stryi Territorial Community and Lviv Oblast.2 The primary aim of this initiative was to assess the legal grounds and capacities of local governments to take on responsibilities for migrant integration and community cohesion, anticipating increased immigration as part of long‑term recovery and reconstruction efforts. Furthermore, these assessments align with Ukraine’s efforts to ensure that its legislation and administrative practice in the field of migration comply with European Union standards, as specified in Objective 15 of the State Migration Policy Strategy. The MGI process – IOM’s flagship initiative on migration governance – is a critical tool to support governments in assessing the comprehensiveness of their migration policies, as well as in identifying gaps and areas that could be strengthened. Between its launch in 2016 and October 2024, the MGI process has been implemented in 112 countries as well as with 104 local authorities, assisting governments in assessing their migration policy systems across the full spectrum of migration. The four local MGI assessments conducted in 2024 are the first local‑level assessments in Ukraine, building on two national‑level assessments conducted in 2019 and 2021. This report examines both well‑developed common policy areas and those with potential for future development in local migration governance, based on data collected during the MGI assessments. Its aim is to improve understanding of local migration management and highlight existing challenges, thereby supporting evidence‑based and well‑informed decision‑making and policy development in Ukraine. This report presents aggregate findings across the four localities based on a two‑part analysis: The first part explores common policy areas identified during the local MGI assessments, 3 assessing whether these areas are well developed or could benefit from further development . A policy area is generally considered well developed if it meets three criteria: the formal existence of a policy, programme, institution or coordination mechanism (supported by regulations or a formal agreement);

whether these areas are well developed or could benefit from further development . A policy area is generally considered well developed if it meets three criteria: the formal existence of a policy, programme, institution or coordination mechanism (supported by regulations or a formal agreement); consistent application (meaning its provisions are implemented in practice); and regular updates to maintain its effectiveness. The second part highlights selected policy examples drawn from the respective local MGI profiles. These examples serve as illustrative cases to inspire the exchange of good practices, provide practical insights and foster learning among stakeholders. They are not intended to be comprehensive but rather to encourage dialogue and innovation in local migration governance in Ukraine. Policy areas are organized by MGI domain (for each of the six MGI domains corresponding to the Migration Governance Framework).4 1 The assessments were implemented with the support of Economist Impact. 2 For simplicity, this report refers to the three cities and one oblast as “localities assessed”, with administrative distinctions detailed in the section on Ukraine’s administrative structure. 3 It is considered “common” if the policy area is included in at least three out of the four local MGI assessments. 4 In 2015, IOM developed the Migration Governance Framework (MiGOF) to help define what “well‑managed migration policy” might look like in the context of SDG target 10.7. The MiGOF was welcomed by IOM Member States in the same year. See: IOM Council, Migration Governance Framework , 106th Session, C/106/40 (4 November 2015), page 1, footnote 1. Not a ranking of countries Not an assessment of policy impacts Not prescriptive MGIs PRINCIPLES Which support the measurement of At the basis of MiGOF OBJECTIVES WHAT THEY ARE WHAT THEY ARE NOT IOM’s MiGOF sets out the essenfial elements to support planned and well-managed migrafion. It seeks to present, in a consolidated, coherent and comprehensive way, a set of three principles and three objecfives which, if respected and fulfilled, would ensure that migrafion is humane and orderly, and benefits migrants and society.

It seeks to present, in a consolidated, coherent and comprehensive way, a set of three principles and three objecfives which, if respected and fulfilled, would ensure that migrafion is humane and orderly, and benefits migrants and society.

1. Adhere to international standards and fulfil migrants’ rights.

2. Formulate policy using evidence and a whole-of-government approach.

3. Engage with partners to address migration and related issues.

1. Advance the socioeconomic well-being of migrants and society.

2. Effectively address the mobility dimensions of crises.

3. Ensure that migration takes place in a safe, orderly and dignified manner.

A set of indicators that offers insights on policy levers that countries can use to strengthen their migrafion governance structures A tool that idenfifies good pracfices and areas that could be further developed A consultafive process that advances dialogues on migrafion governance by clarifying what “well-governed migrafion” might look like in the context of SDG target 10.7 and the Global Compact for Migrafion implementafionCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Not a ranking of countries Not an assessment of policy impacts Not prescriptive MGIs PRINCIPLES Which support the measurement of At the basis of MiGOF OBJECTIVES WHAT THEY ARE WHAT THEY ARE NOT IOM’s MiGOF sets out the essenfial elements to support planned and well-managed migrafion. It seeks to present, in a consolidated, coherent and comprehensive way, a set of three principles and three objecfives which, if respected and fulfilled, would ensure that migrafion is humane and orderly, and benefits migrants and society.

1. Adhere to international standards and fulfil migrants’ rights.

2. Formulate policy using evidence and a whole-of-government approach.

with temporary residence permits in December 2023, 12 accounting for roughly 1.9 per cent of the oblast population13 and 12 per cent of the country’s foreign residents (permanent and temporary), ranking it second after Kyiv City and Oblast. • Similarly, Kharkiv Oblast had 32,758 foreigners with permanent residence permits and 6,719 with temporary residence permits in December 2023,14 making up an estimated 1.6 per cent of the oblast population15 and 11 per cent of the national foreign resident count in Ukraine. Kharkiv is the third top destination for immigrants after Kyiv City and Oblast as well as Odesa Oblast. • In December 2023, Lviv Oblast had 7,882 foreigners with permanent residence permits and 3,464 with temporary residence permits,16 representing approximately 0.6 per cent of the oblast population17 and 3.1 per cent of the number of immigrants in the country (both temporary and permanent), ranking it eighth among the 25 oblasts.18 12 These data are provided by the State Migration Service (SMS). 13 These figures are calculated using SMS data on the number of foreigners and the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) estimates of the total population in each oblast as of December 2023. DTM data utilize the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) baseline data and General Population Survey (GPS) results, in accordance with GPS methodology. See: IOM, 2024c. 14 See footnote 12. 15 See footnote 13. 16 See footnote 12. 17 See footnote 13.

18 See footnote 12.LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS

AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT x MIGRATION TRENDS Oblast‑level insights: displacement dynamics IOM’s DTM regularly provides data to monitor displacement dynamics in Ukraine. • As of October 2024, Odesa Oblast had an estimated population of 2.07 million people, with IDPs and returnees making up 20 per cent of the oblast population. This included 224,000 hosted IDPs

benefits migrants and society.

1. Adhere to international standards and fulfil migrants’ rights.

2. Formulate policy using evidence and a whole-of-government approach.

3. Engage with partners to address migration and related issues.

1. Advance the socioeconomic well-being of migrants and society.

2. Effectively address the mobility dimensions of crises.

3. Ensure that migration takes place in a safe, orderly and dignified manner.

A set of indicators that offers insights on policy levers that countries can use to strengthen their migrafion governance structures A tool that idenfifies good pracfices and areas that could be further developed A consultafive process that advances dialogues on migrafion governance by clarifying what “well-governed migrafion” might look like in the context of SDG target 10.7 and the Global Compact for Migrafion implementafion Note: “The Global Compact is framed in a way consistent with target 10.7 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in which Member States committed to cooperate internationally to facilitate safe, orderly and regular migration.”MIGRATION TRENDSLOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT vii MIGRATION TRENDS The most recent data from the State Migration Service (SMS) show that in 2024, Ukraine was host to 308,204 registered foreigners with permanent residence and 47,470 foreigners with temporary residence.5 In comparison with 2020 and 2023, there has been an increase in the number of foreigners holding permanent residence permits in Ukraine and a decrease in the number of those holding temporary residence permits, which are mainly students and family members (see Figure 1). In 2024, Ukraine issued 8,938 permanent residence permits, 4,452 of which were issued to first‑time holders; and 17,232 temporary residence permits,

refugees under international law. 8 For more information, visit the State Migration Service page on statistical data page.LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT viii MIGRATION TRENDS Figure 2. Number of foreigners recognized as refugees and foreigners recognized as persons in need of subsidiary protection in Ukraine (2014–2024) 2,534 2,382 1,273 1,464 1,301 479 709 887 1,056 1,095 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 2014 2017 2020 2023 2024 Recognized as refugees Recognized as persons in need of subsidiary protection Source: SMS (2014, 2017, 2020, 2023 and 2024). By April 2024, data from the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) estimated that 3.5 million people were internally displaced within Ukraine, representing 10.7 per cent of the resident population that year. Among the internally displaced persons (IDPs), 82 per cent had been displaced for longer than one year. In addition, it was estimated that 4.7 million people had returned to their habitual residence.9,10 The full‑scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 has thus exacerbated demographic challenges, such as low fertility rates and the emigration of Ukrainians.11 Oblast‑level insights: foreign nationals Consistent city‑level data on the number of foreign residents in Ukraine are not publicly available. However, the State Migration Service (SMS) provides data at the oblast level, with the most recent figures from December 2023 (see Figure 3). Therefore, oblast‑level data are presented for Lviv Oblast (encompassing the MGI assessment areas in Lviv Oblast and Stryi Territorial Community), Odesa Oblast (covering Odesa City) and Kharkiv Oblast (for Kharkiv City). 9 IOM, 2024a.

MGI assessment areas in Lviv Oblast and Stryi Territorial Community), Odesa Oblast (covering Odesa City) and Kharkiv Oblast (for Kharkiv City). 9 IOM, 2024a. 10 According to IOM (2024b), IDPs are “[p]eople who have been forced to flee or to leave their homes or who are staying outside their habitual residence due to the full‑scale invasion in February 2022, regardless of whether they hold registered IDP status”, and returnees are “[p]eople who have returned to their habitual residence after a significant period of displacement (minimum of two weeks since February 2022), whether from abroad or from internal displacement within Ukraine”. 11 T verdostup, 2023.LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT ix MIGRATION TRENDS Figure 3. Number and share of foreigners residing in Ukraine by oblast (2023) 0 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 50,000 0 20% 15% 10% 5% 25% Permanent residents Temporary residents Total foreign population share Kyiv Odesa Kharkiv Donetsk Dnipropetrovsk Zaporizhzhia Luhansk Vinnytsia Mykolaiv Cherkasy Sumy Zhytomyr Poltava Kherson Ivano-Frankivsk Khmelnytski Chernihiv Kirovohrad Chernivtsi Zakarpattia Ternopil Volyn Rivne

Lviv Source: SMS (2023). • For Odesa Oblast, SMS data show 39,338 foreigners with permanent residence permits and 5,884 with temporary residence permits in December 2023, 12 accounting for roughly 1.9 per cent of the oblast population13 and 12 per cent of the country’s foreign residents (permanent and temporary), ranking it second after Kyiv City and Oblast.

which are mainly students and family members (see Figure 1). In 2024, Ukraine issued 8,938 permanent residence permits, 4,452 of which were issued to first‑time holders; and 17,232 temporary residence permits, with 7,896 issued to first‑time holders. Figure 1. Number of foreigners residing in Ukraine (2014–2024) 252,974 264,732 293,600 305,744 308,204 75,732 88,620 151,300 62,092 47,470 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 2014 2017 2020 2023 2024 With permanent residence With temporary residence Source: SMS (2014, 2017, 2020, 2023 and 2024). By October 2024, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimated that there were 6.7 million refugees from Ukraine globally, and among those, 6 million were in Europe. 6 In Ukraine, the number of persons recognized as refugees 7 decreased between 2014 and 2020 but saw a slight increase between 2020 to 2023. Meanwhile, the number of individuals with subsidiary protection has increased by close to 130 per cent between 2014 and 2024 (see Figure 2).8 5 Permanent or temporary residence permits do not guarantee residence in Ukraine. While the data are the best available estimates, the actual number of foreigners residing in Ukraine is uncertain. 6 Under “refugees” in this context, UNHCR includes all individuals who have left Ukraine due to the war, regardless of their formal legal status as defined by international law. See: UNHCR, n.d. 7 In this sentence, “refugees” refers to the more restrictive legal definition under the 1951 Refugee Convention, which applies to individuals formally recognized as refugees under international law. 8 For more information, visit the State Migration Service page on statistical data page.LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS

IOM’s DTM regularly provides data to monitor displacement dynamics in Ukraine. • As of October 2024, Odesa Oblast had an estimated population of 2.07 million people, with IDPs and returnees making up 20 per cent of the oblast population. This included 224,000 hosted IDPs (11% of the population)19 and 170,000 returnees (8% of the population). The majority of IDPs hosted in Odesa Oblast (85%) were displaced from other oblasts in Ukraine, reflecting its position as a significant destination for displaced populations.20 • As of October 2024, Kharkiv Oblast had an estimated population of 2.4 million people, with nearly half of the them being IDPs or returnees. The oblast hosted 441,000 IDPs (18% of the oblast population) and 648,000 returnees (26% of the population). A total of 83 per cent of hosted IDPs in Kharkiv were displaced within the oblast. Kharkiv ranked second among oblasts hosting the largest proportions of Ukraine’s IDPs, following Dnipropetrovsk Oblast and ahead of Kyiv City.21 • For Lviv Oblast , DTM estimates indicate that as of October 2024, the population present was approximately 1.9 million. Of this, 146,000 were IDPs and 109,000 were returnees, collectively accounting for 14 per cent of the oblast population (8% IDPs and 6% returnees). The vast majority of IDPs in Lviv Oblast (96%) were displaced from other oblasts in Ukraine, with only a small portion (4%) displaced from within the oblast itself.22 19 UNFPA baseline data for the oblast population have been used here as per the GPS methodology. 20 IOM, 2024d. 21 Ibid.

22 Ibid.ADMINISTRATIVE

STRUCTURELOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS

AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT xii

ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE

20 IOM, 2024d.

21 Ibid.

22 Ibid.ADMINISTRATIVE

STRUCTURELOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS

AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT xii ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE Under the Constitution of Ukraine (1996), the country’s administrative and territorial structures comprise the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regions (oblasts), districts, cities, city districts, settlements and villages. The cities of Sevastopol and Kyiv have a special status determined by the laws of Ukraine (see Article 133). In 2020, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine established the basic level of administrative division in the country (hromadas or territorial communities), approving the establishment of administrative centres and territorial communities in each oblast. In the same year, the Government called for local elections to village, settlement and city councils of territorial communities. 23 Division of responsibilities across administrative levels in Ukraine Governance and level of decentralization of local authorities The local governance structure in Ukraine consists primarily of local state administrations at the regional (oblast) and district (raion) levels, and local self‑government bodies carried out by territorial communities. According to the Law of Ukraine on Local State Administrations (1999), these local administrations are responsible for exercising executive power on their territories. Their duties include ensuring the implementation of the Constitution, observing the rights and freedoms of citizens, implementing State and regional programmes, preparing and approving budget forecasts, and interacting with local self‑government bodies, among other functions (see Article 2). Local state administrations are located in oblast and district centres, as well as in the cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol (see Article 4). The heads of these administrations are appointed by the President of Ukraine on the proposal of the Cabinet of Ministers for the term of the President’s office (see Article 8). In contrast, the Law of Ukraine on Local Self‑Government (1997) defines local self‑government as the State‑guaranteed right and ability of a territorial community to resolve issues of local importance within the limits of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. Local self‑government is carried out by the territorial

improvements to Ukrainian legislation, its implementation and the State governance system. Article  31 further states that the heads of local state administrations coordinate the activities of territorial bodies of ministries and other central executive authorities, assisting them in fulfilling their assigned tasks. Article 35 23 More information on comprehensive overviews of the progress and implementation of decentralization reforms in Ukraine is available in this 2020 article on the Government of Ukraine approving a basic‑level administrative structure that will ensure the ubiquity of local self‑government, from the Decentralization Portal, and the UAReforms page on decentralization. 24 By 2020, there were 1,470 UTHs (Government of Ukraine, n.d.). 25 Government of Ukraine, n.d.LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT xiii ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE specifies that local state administrations interact with village, settlement and city councils, contributing to the implementation of local self‑government powers, particularly in addressing issues of economic, social and cultural development within their territories. With the introduction of martial law in Ukraine in 2022, regional military administrations were established in each administrative region of Ukraine (except the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea), and the heads of these administrations became the regional chiefs.26 Under the Law of Ukraine on the Legal Regime of Martial Law (2015), civil servants may be replaced by military appointees (see Article 4), and the powers of the oblast and district councils are revoked. Figure 4. Administrative structure of Ukraine27 Ukraine Administrative territorial units Regional level Local level Subregional level Lviv Oblast Karkiv City Odesa City Stryi Territorial Community 24 oblasts and 2 cities with special status Hromadas (amalgamated territorial communities) Raions (districts within oblasts) Note: Figure was created by IOM based on MGI assessments. Competencies in relation to migration The State Migration Service (SMS) of Ukraine is the central executive body responsible for the implementation

28 This is according to Article 1 of the Resolution on the Approval of the Regulations on the State Migration Service of Ukraine (2014).LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT xiv ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE provision of free primary legal assistance at the expense of local budgets (see Article 26). It also assigns them the power to prepare programmes for socioeconomic and cultural development, to statistically account for citizens who permanently or temporarily reside in the relevant territory, and to support the provision of administrative services (see Article 27). Local financing mechanisms The financial responsibilities of local state administrations and self‑government bodies in Ukraine are governed by two key legislative acts: the Law on Local State Administrations and the Law on Local Self‑Government. These laws outline the roles of the aforementioned entities in budget preparation, implementation and management. Under the Law on Local State Administrations, Article 18 specifies the budget and financial powers of local state administrations. These include preparing and presenting budget forecasts to the relevant councils, ensuring the execution of approved budgets and providing comprehensive reports on budget implementation. Local state administrations are also tasked with supplying financial indicators and proposals for the State budget of Ukraine, collecting tax‑related data from businesses, and allocating funds to support local institutions and services. In addition, they play a role in regulating investment activities and establishing as well as enforcing consumption norms for housing and communal services. The Law on Local Self‑Government assigns district and oblast councils the responsibility of approving and amending their respective budgets. These budgets are formed from State budget funds and other sources for their respective distribution among territorial communities or for the implementation of joint projects (see Article 61). District and oblast council also oversee the distribution of funds from the State budget, such as subsidies and subventions to district, city, village and settlement budgets (see Article 43(17–18)). Once district and oblast budgets are approved, their implementation is carried out by local state administrations (see Article 64(3)). Rural, settlement and city councils, along with their executive bodies, independently

Figure 4. Administrative structure of Ukraine xiii

ADHERE TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND FULFIL MIGRANTS’ RIGHTS 5

Figure 5. Common policy areas: well‑developed areas and areas with potential for development 5 T ext box 1. Areas for future development 6

FORMULATE POLICY USING EVIDENCE AND WHOLE‑OF‑GOVERNMENT APPROACH 8

Figure 6. Common policy areas: well‑developed areas and areas with potential for development 8 T ext box 2. Areas for future development 9

ENGAGE WITH PARTNERS TO ADDRESS MIGRATION AND RELATED ISSUES 11

Figure 7. Common priority areas: well‑developed areas and areas with potential for development 11 T ext box 3. Areas for future development 11

ADVANCE THE SOCIOECONOMIC WELL‑BEING OF MIGRANTS AND SOCIETY 14

Figure 8. Common priority areas: well‑developed areas and areas with potential for development 14 T ext box 4. Areas for future development 15

EFFECTIVELY ADDRESS THE MOBILITY DIMENSIONS OF CRISES 17

Figure 9. Common policy areas: well‑developed areas and areas with potential for development 17 T ext box 5. Areas for future development 18

ENSURE THAT MIGRATION TAKES PLACE IN A SAFE, ORDERLY AND REGULAR MANNER 20

Figure 10. Common policy areas: well‑developed areas and areas with potential for development 20 T ext box 6. Areas for future development 20

ANNEX 1. METHODOLOGY 27

Table 1. Administrative units included in the analysis and year of MGI assessment 27LOCAL MIGRATION GOVERNANCE IN UKRAINE: WELL‑DEVELOPED AREAS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT iv INTRODUCTION In 2024, IOM conducted four local Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) assessments in Ukraine, 1 in coordination with the public authorities of Kharkiv City, Odesa City, Stryi Territorial Community and Lviv

Local coordination mechanism for IDP issues Local agency/department for diaspora groups engagement Local consultative bodies for migrant communities Clear and transparent information on migrants’ rights Regular publication of migration data 1 3 Areas with potential for development The design and implementation of migration policies are primarily a national responsibility in Ukraine (see the section on the administrative structure of Ukraine), but local state administrations and self‑governments also play vital roles, as recognized in national legislation. This report highlights two local governance levels: local state administrations (e.g. Lviv Oblast) and