Local Migration Governance Indicators Profile 2025 Lviv Oblast (Ukraine) (2025)-HC=1.pdf

LOCAL

MIGRATION

GOVERNANCE INDICATORS Lviv Oblast (Ukraine) | PROFILE 2025The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. _______________ While efforts have been taken to verify the accuracy of this information, neither Economist Impact nor its affiliates can accept any responsibility or liability for reliance by any person on this information.

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PUB2025/020/ELLOCAL

MIGRATION

GOVERNANCE INDICATORS Lviv Oblast (Ukraine) | PROFILE 2025CONTENTS OBJECTIVES // iv INTRODUCTION // 1

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK // 4

SUMMARY // 6

CONTEXT // 10

KEY FINDINGS // 17

ANNEX // 31

KEY SOURCES // 33LOCAL MIGR ATION GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: LVIV OBL AST (UKR AINE) 2025 /// iv

OBJECTIVES

1 2 3 Help local authorities take stock of the migration initiatives they have in place. Foster dialogue on migration between national governments and local authorities. Enable local authorities to learn from one another by sharing common challenges and identifying potential solutions.

OBJECTIVESINTRODUCTION

1

LOCAL MIGR ATION GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: LVIV OBL AST (UKR AINE) 2025 ///

INTRODUCTION2

LOCAL MIGR ATION GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: LVIV OBL AST (UKR AINE) 2025 ///

INTRODUCTION

The Migration Governance Indicators1 The need to maximize the opportunities and face the challenges that mobility brings has been recognized with the inclusion of migration in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and with the adoption of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration.2 The incorporation of target 10.7 into the 2030 Agenda created the need to define “planned and well‐managed migration policies”. This is why, in

with the inclusion of migration in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and with the adoption of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration.2 The incorporation of target 10.7 into the 2030 Agenda created the need to define “planned and well‐managed migration policies”. This is why, in 2015, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) developed the Migration Governance Framework (MiGOF). This Framework offers a concise view of an ideal approach that allows a State to determine what it might need to govern migration well and in a way that suits its circumstances. That same year, IOM in collaboration with Economist Impact developed the Migration Governance Indicators (MGIs), a set of almost 100 indicators that help States assess the comprehensiveness of their migration governance structures. The indicators constitute a starting point to engage governments in a consultative process that allows them to identify areas that are well-developed and others that would benefit from further development, and most importantly, priorities that are in line with the specific challenges and opportunities that a given country is facing. The MGIs are characterized by three main fundamental attributes:

1. The MGI process is a voluntary exercise: The MGIs are conducted in countries that have requested to be part of the process.

2. The MGIs are sensitive to national specificities: The MGIs recognize the different challenges and opportunities of each context, and therefore, do not propose a one-size-fits-all solution, but rather aim to spark a discussion on what well-governed migration can mean.

3. The MGIs constitute a process: The MGI process is not a static tool to collect data on countries’ migration frameworks. It is rather the first step of a dynamic exercise that can enable governments to identify areas of their migration policy in need of further development, or that could benefit from capacity-building.

Migration Governance Indicators: From national to local The role of cities and municipalities in migration governance3 has grown significantly in recent decades, given the rapid pace of urbanization and the importance of cities as destinations for all forms of migration and displacement. Researchers, policymakers and international development agencies have all highlighted

from capacity-building.

Migration Governance Indicators: From national to local The role of cities and municipalities in migration governance3 has grown significantly in recent decades, given the rapid pace of urbanization and the importance of cities as destinations for all forms of migration and displacement. Researchers, policymakers and international development agencies have all highlighted the crucial role of cities and municipalities in both accommodating migrants and formulating sustainable responses to migration-related matters.

The role of local governments, not only in the management of migration at the local level, but also in realizing the urban dimensions of the 2030 Agenda, has been recognized in the New Urban Agenda at the Habitat III Conference in Quito (Ecuador), the Global Compact for Migration, and the Call to Local Action for Migrants and Refugees, to mention a few. 1 All terms used in the report are defined in the IOM Glossary on Migration (2019). 2 “The Global Compact is the first inter-governmentally negotiated agreement, prepared under the auspices of the United Nations, covering all dimensions of international migration in a holistic and comprehensive manner. It is a non-binding document that respects States’ sovereign right to determine who enters and stays in their territory and demonstrates commitment to international cooperation on migration. It presents a significant opportunity to improve the governance of migration, to address the challenges associated with today’s migration, and to strengthen the contribution of migrants and migration to sustainable development.” 3 “Migration governance” refers to the system of institutions, legal frameworks, mechanisms and practices aimed at regulating migration and protecting migrants. It is used almost synonymously with the term “migration management”, although the latter is also sometimes used to refer to the narrow act of regulating cross-border movement at the State level.3 LOCAL MIGR ATION GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: LVIV OBL AST (UKR AINE) 2025 /// INTRODUCTION To support the discussion between levels of governments on migration governance, IOM has adapted the MGIs4 to the local level. The local MGIs seek to offer a more comprehensive picture of a country’s migration governance landscape by juxtaposing a local dimension to MGI national assessments. The local MGIs are

INTRODUCTION To support the discussion between levels of governments on migration governance, IOM has adapted the MGIs4 to the local level. The local MGIs seek to offer a more comprehensive picture of a country’s migration governance landscape by juxtaposing a local dimension to MGI national assessments. The local MGIs are based on a set of about 80 indicators helping local authorities take stock of local migration strategies or initiatives in place and identify good practices as well as areas with potential for further development. The aim of the exercise is to foster dialogue on migration between national governments and local authorities and enable local authorities to learn from one another by discussing common challenges and identifying potential solutions. While the local MGIs retain the attributes of the National MGIs, they are also anchored in the notion that cities and local authorities have different capacities, competencies and added value when it comes to governing migration. Therefore, the methodology has been adapted to reflect the fact that the degree of fiscal and political autonomy of participating cities influences the kind of migration governance they can practically and legally engage in. Furthermore, new indicators of the level of autonomy and capacities have been added to give some context to the results of the assessment. Given the differences outlined between the MGIs at the national and local levels, the purpose of the local MGIs is to be a tool for government authorities to use in taking an introspective look at the measures they have in place to manage migration, as well as to share their experiences. Furthermore, the local MGIs recognize that good practices can take different forms depending on the division of competencies between local and national authorities. Therefore, the local MGI analysis should not be interpreted as an invitation to change the division of competencies, but rather be understood as a catalyst to open dialogues on what cities can do with regard to migration within the scope of their mandate. A comprehensive picture of migration governance can be captured only by looking at the different levels of government. This report is the result of the implementation of the local MGIs in Lviv Oblast (Ukraine) in 2024. This profile summarizes key examples of well-developed areas and areas with potential for further development

governance can be captured only by looking at the different levels of government. This report is the result of the implementation of the local MGIs in Lviv Oblast (Ukraine) in 2024. This profile summarizes key examples of well-developed areas and areas with potential for further development of local migration governance for the long-term recovery period. This report is complemented by the first and second national MGI Profiles (2019 and 2021) and the three local MGIs implemented in Stryi Territorial Community and Kharkiv and Odesa Cities Territorial Communities.5 4 The Migration Governance Indicators were developed in 2015 by IOM in collaboration with Economist Impact. 5 See the 2019 migration governance snapshot: Ukraine and Migration Governance Indicators Second Profile 2021 – Ukraine.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Conceptual Framework Not a ranking of countries Not an assessment of policy impacts Not prescriptive MGIs PRINCIPLES Which support the measurement of At the basis of MiGOF

OBJECTIVES

WHAT THEY ARE WHAT THEY ARE NOT IOM’s MiGOF sets out the essenƟal elements to support planned and well-managed migraƟon. It seeks to present, in a consolidated, coherent and comprehensive way, a set of three principles and three objecƟves which, if respected and fulfilled, would ensure that migraƟon is humane and orderly, and benefits migrants and society.

1. Adhere to international standards and fulfil migrants’ rights.

2. Formulate policy using evidence and a whole-of-government approach.

3. Engage with partners to address migration and related issues.

1. Advance the socioeconomic well-being of migrants and society.

2. Effectively address the mobility dimensions of crises.

3. Ensure that migration takes place in a safe, orderly and dignified manner.

A set of indicators that offers insights on policy levers that countries can use to strengthen their migraƟon governance structures

Indicators in this category assess cities’, municipalities’ or states’ initiatives in terms of international student mobility, access to the labour market and decent working conditions for migrant workers. Aspects related to diaspora engagement and migrant remittances are also included in this domain. Indicators in this category examine the type and level of readiness of cities, municipalities or states to deal with aspects of mobility crises. The questions focus on the processes in place for citizens and non-citizens in relation to disasters and climate change both during and after disasters, especially whether humanitarian assistance is available for migrants and citizens. Indicators in this category look at the cities’, municipalities’ or states’ approaches to migrant safety as well as return and reintegration policies and the fight against trafficking in persons. 6 IOM Council, Migration Governance Framework, 106th Session, C/106/40 (4 November 2015).

MIGRANTS’

RIGHTS

PAGE 18

WHOLE-OF-GOVERNMENT

APPROACH

PAGE 20

PARTNERSHIPS

PAGE 22

WELL-BEING

OF MIGRANTS

PAGE 24

MOBILITY DIMENSION

OF CRISES

PAGE 27

SAFE, ORDERLY AND

REGULAR MIGRATION

PAGE 296

LOCAL MIGR ATION GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: LVIV OBL AST (UKR AINE) 2025 ///

SUMMARY

SUMMARY7

LOCAL MIGR ATION GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: LVIV OBL AST (UKR AINE) 2025 ///

SUMMARY SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Migrants’ rights Migrants in Lviv Oblast have access to government-funded health services based on national-level provisions. The Department of Health of Lviv Oblast State Administration (OSA)7 manages health-care services, and the Coordination Centre for Civilian Support offers medical and psychological aid. All migrant children, temporarily or permanently residing in Ukraine, are entitled to free primary and secondary education. The Department of Education and Science of Lviv OSA oversees education policies

services, and the Coordination Centre for Civilian Support offers medical and psychological aid. All migrant children, temporarily or permanently residing in Ukraine, are entitled to free primary and secondary education. The Department of Education and Science of Lviv OSA oversees education policies and promotes the use of Ukrainian language, providing resources for foreign students to learn it. Internally displaced children can continue their education in other regions, funded by the State. These students can register in educational institutions in Lviv Oblast at their temporary location. Migrants can access free legal services through the Western Interregional Centre for the Provision of Free Legal Aid, managed by the Ministry of Justice. Foreign nationals and stateless persons, including refugees, are entitled to free primary legal aid, with some eligible for secondary aid as well. Areas with potential for further development include the following: (a) designing a local strategy to address hate crimes, violence, xenophobia and discrimination against migrants; (b) establishing measures to combat discriminatory practices towards migrants in the provision of local services; (c) providing orientation programmes for newly arrived migrants; and (d) providing cultural mediation services to help resolve disputes between migrant populations, or between local residents and migrant populations. Whole-of-government approach In 2023, the Council for Internally Displaced Persons was created as a consultative and advisory body tasked with ensuring the social protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs), their employment, provision of housing and assistance. The Council includes representatives from the Lviv OSA, IDPs and civil society organizations (CSOs). The Coordination Centre for Civilian Support of Lviv OSA regularly updates statistics on IDPs, including evacuation and registration numbers, on the Oblast Administration website. Since 2021, the Main Statistical Office in Lviv Oblast has been publishing an annual Demographic Yearbook with detailed migration data. The Lviv OSA engages with diaspora communities through its Department of Culture, Nationalities and Religions. The Department organizes events such as the Forum of National Communities to promote interethnic and intercultural dialogue. The Centre of Administrative Services in Lviv Oblast provides various social and administrative services, including processing and issuing of residence permits and registering

Religions. The Department organizes events such as the Forum of National Communities to promote interethnic and intercultural dialogue. The Centre of Administrative Services in Lviv Oblast provides various social and administrative services, including processing and issuing of residence permits and registering places of residence. Areas with potential for further development include the following: (a) development of a comprehensive migration strategy in Lviv Oblast; (b) establishment of a coordination mechanism on migration issues; and (c) provision of information regarding migrants’ rights, obligations and access to local public services. 7 Since 2022 and for the duration of martial law, Lviv Oblast Administration is officially an Oblast Military Administration.8

LOCAL MIGR ATION GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: LVIV OBL AST (UKR AINE) 2025 ///

SUMMARY Partnerships Government authorities in Lviv Oblast collaborate with United Nations agencies to address migration issues. They work with IOM to provide housing, legal, psychological, financial and humanitarian assistance to IDPs, and conduct training and information campaigns on human trafficking. In 2024, the Lviv OSA signed a memorandum with IOM for housing projects for IDPs; and in 2023, psychologists received training from IOM and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The regional government in Lviv also collaborates with CSOs and academic institutions to address migration and displacement issues. CSOs participate in the Council for Internally Displaced Persons, and representatives from the Department of State Migration Service in Lviv Oblast engage in conferences with academics to discuss human rights. The following areas with potential for further development were identified: (a) engaging with migrant associations on agenda-setting and implementing migration-related programmes; and (b) involving the private sector in the design and implementation of migration policies. Well-being of migrants The Main Statistical Office and Lviv Oblast Employment Centre provide data on the labour market and occupation shortages in the region. These include information on work permits issued, the origin of immigrants and the types of jobs they occupy.

sector in the design and implementation of migration policies. Well-being of migrants The Main Statistical Office and Lviv Oblast Employment Centre provide data on the labour market and occupation shortages in the region. These include information on work permits issued, the origin of immigrants and the types of jobs they occupy. Initiatives to promote financial inclusion include the Financial Literacy School, launched in 2021, as part of the Youth of Lviv Oblast Programme that aims to develop civic competencies and business activity among the youth. Financial Awareness Days have also been held to enhance residents’ financial well-being through workshops and interactive sessions. The Lviv OSA collaborates on efforts to integrate IDPs into the labour market including the Work for IDPs: You are needed campaign launched in 2023, to motivate IDPs to seek employment, and provide them with information on available programmes. The Lviv Oblast Employment Centre also organizes job fairs to facilitate employment, attracting a wide range of jobseekers, including IDPs. Areas with potential for further development include the following: (a) establishing local programmes to attract migrant workers and facilitate their inclusion into the labour market; (b) implementing assessments to monitor labour migration demand in Lviv Oblast; (c) developing local initiatives to promote the ethical recruitment of migrant workers; and (d) creating a strategy or expanding existing programmes to promote the financial inclusion of migrants and their families, particularly when they are remittance senders or receivers. Mobility dimension of crises Lviv Oblast has developed the Plan of Basic Measures of Civil Protection for 2024, which focuses on preparing civil protection bodies, training officials and the public, and ensuring compliance with civil protection laws. The Plan also includes strategies for post-hostility reconstruction and international cooperation. In addition, it designates the Regional Evacuation Commission to handle civilian evacuations during emergencies, involving representatives from various departments. Key actors include the State Emergency Service, district military administrations and territorial communities. The Coordination Centre for Civilian Support facilitates cooperation between local communities, government and international organizations. The Centre in Lviv provides various forms of assistance,

representatives from various departments. Key actors include the State Emergency Service, district military administrations and territorial communities. The Coordination Centre for Civilian Support facilitates cooperation between local communities, government and international organizations. The Centre in Lviv provides various forms of assistance, including psychological support and legal aid. The Department of Civil Protection maintains communication systems to notify the public and receive crisis information, offering a 24/7 hotline for immediate assistance.9 LOCAL MIGR ATION GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: LVIV OBL AST (UKR AINE) 2025 /// SUMMARY The following areas with potential for further development were identified: (a) including provisions in the emergency management frameworks to address the specific needs of migrants during emergencies; and (b) developing a comprehensive disaster risk reduction strategy with provisions to prevent and address the displacement impacts of disasters. Safe, orderly and regular migration Lviv Oblast has implemented various initiatives to combat human trafficking, including the State Targeted Social Programme for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, running until 2025, that focuses on coordination, public awareness, victim assistance and informational campaigns. Additional activities include consultative meetings and training sessions for police officers, focusing on prevention, legal frameworks and victim assistance. The State Policy Strategy on Internal Displacement for the Period until 2025 (2023) empowers local governments to support and integrate IDPs. In 2022, a working group was established to coordinate IDP resettlement, update databases and secure housing. The Comprehensive Programme to Support Internally Displaced Persons during the Period of Martial Law (2022) aims to improve their financial well-being and provide them with social services and psychological support. Areas with potential for further development include the following: (a) developing specific training programmes for public servants on migration rules and migrant rights; (b) establishing measures to facilitate the return and reintegration of migrants; (c) regularly collecting data on counter-trafficking activities at the regional level; and (d) designing specific measures to combat migrant labour exploitation.CONTEXT11

programmes for public servants on migration rules and migrant rights; (b) establishing measures to facilitate the return and reintegration of migrants; (c) regularly collecting data on counter-trafficking activities at the regional level; and (d) designing specific measures to combat migrant labour exploitation.CONTEXT11 LOCAL MIGR ATION GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: LVIV OBL AST (UKR AINE) 2025 /// CONTEXT Migration trends The most recent data from the State Migration Service (SMS) show that in 2023, Ukraine was host to 305,744 registered immigrants with permanent residence and 62,092 immigrants with temporary residence.8 In comparison to 2020, there has been an increase in the number of foreigners residing permanently in the country and a decrease in the number of those temporarily staying in Ukraine, which are mainly students and family members (Figure 1).9 Figure 1. Number of foreigners residing in Ukraine (2014–2023)

252,974 264,732 293,600 305,744 75,732 88,620 151,300 62,092 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 2014 2017 2020 2023 With permanent residence With temporary residence

Source: SMS (2014, 2017, 2020 and 2023).

According to SMS, as of December 2023, Lviv Oblast had 7,882 registered immigrants with permanent residence and 3,464 migrants with temporary residence. This represents 3.1 per cent of the number of immigrants (both temporary and permanent) in the country, ranking eighth out of the 25 oblasts in terms of immigrant population.10 Moreover, data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on migration movements shows that there were 1,031 incoming international migrants to Lviv Oblast in 2021 and 767 emigrants from the region in the same year.11 According to the data, Lviv Oblast was the ninth most popular destination for newly arrived migrants in 2021 and ranked fifth in terms of the flow of

movements shows that there were 1,031 incoming international migrants to Lviv Oblast in 2021 and 767 emigrants from the region in the same year.11 According to the data, Lviv Oblast was the ninth most popular destination for newly arrived migrants in 2021 and ranked fifth in terms of the flow of international emigrants. Figure 2. Migration flows to and from Ukraine (2010–2021)

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Immigrants

Emigrants Source: State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2022a. 8 Data from SMS differs from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), as the former shows data on non-nationals, while the latter presents data according to country of birth. According to DESA as of mid-2020, an estimated 5 million international migrants lived in Ukraine, making up 11.4 per cent of the national population, while an estimated 6.1 million Ukrainians resided abroad, representing 13.9 per cent of the total population. See data on the Migration Data Portal. 9 Visit the Statistics section of the SMS website to see more statistical data for Ukraine. 10 These data are provided by SMS. 11 These data are from the Demographic Yearbook “Population of Ukraine” 2021 (State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 2022a).12

LOCAL MIGR ATION GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: LVIV OBL AST (UKR AINE) 2025 /// CONTEXT At the national level, 41,724 international migrants and 22,587 international emigrants were recorded in

2021. The main countries of origin included the Russian Federation (9.6%), Türkiye (7.2%) and Belarus (5.6%), while the main countries of destination for international emigrants included the Russian Federation

CONTEXT At the national level, 41,724 international migrants and 22,587 international emigrants were recorded in

2021. The main countries of origin included the Russian Federation (9.6%), Türkiye (7.2%) and Belarus (5.6%), while the main countries of destination for international emigrants included the Russian Federation (11.1% of all emigrants in 2021), Germany (7.3%) and the United States of America (6.5%).12

As of July 2024, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) estimates that there were 6.5 million refugees from Ukraine globally, and among those, 5 million were in Europe.13 As of April 2024, data from the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) estimated that 3.5 million people were internally displaced within Ukraine, representing 10.7 per cent of the resident population that year. Among the internally displaced persons (IDPs),14 82 per cent had been displaced for longer than one year.15 According to estimates from DTM, as of July 2024, 12 per cent of Lviv Oblast population were IDPs or returnees, with 160,000 IDPs (7% of the oblast population) and 128,000 returnees (6% of the oblast population).16 The vast majority of IDPs hosted in Lviv Oblast were displaced from another oblast in Ukraine (97%), while only a few were displaced from within the oblast (3%). Administrative structure Under the Constitution of Ukraine (1996), the country’s administrative and territorial structure comprises the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regions (oblasts), districts, cities, city districts, settlements and villages. The cities of Sevastopol and Kyiv have a special status determined by the laws of Ukraine (Article 133). In 2020, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine established the basic level of administrative division in the country (hromadas or territorial communities), approving the establishment of administrative centres and territorial communities in each oblast. In the same year, the Government called for local elections to village, settlement and city councils of territorial communities.17

In 2020, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine established the basic level of admin