OCDE - Data on homelessness and housing exclusion 2026 - Chequia de 2026

 1

DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: CZECHIA © OECD 2026

Summary of key data and information Summary of key data and information Official statistical definition of homelessness (Table 1) Homelessness is understood as a heterogeneous situation encompassing people who are roofless (sleeping rough), people living in emergency or temporary accommodation, as well as individuals living in insecure or inadequate housing conditions. Latest national estimates of homelessness (Table 2, Table 3) 160 517 individuals, representing 1.5% of the total population (2025) Point-in-time count, based on the Census of people from selected categories of the ETHOS classification ETHOS Light groups included Included: • ETHOS Light 1: Living on the streets, in public spaces • ETHOS Light 2: Emergency accommodation (e.g. shelters) • ETHOS Light 3: Accommodation for the homeless (e.g. hostels and women’s refuges) • ETHOS Light 4: People in institutions • ETHOS Light 5: People in non-conventional dwellings (e.g. caravans, cars or tents) • ETHOS Light 6: Living temporarily with others in conventional housing (e.g. sofa-surfing) Notes: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more sub-categories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted. The total headline estimate covers living situations that extend beyond the ETHOS Light typology. Estimates for ETHOS Light 2 consider people in homeless hostels, while those for ETHOS Light 5 consider people in overcrowded dwellings and unfit housing. Legal framework to collect data on homelessness (Table 4) There is no legal obligation to collect data on homelessness in Czechia.

Homelessness Strategy (Table 5) • There is no national homelessness strategy in Czechia.

dwellings and unfit housing. Legal framework to collect data on homelessness (Table 4) There is no legal obligation to collect data on homelessness in Czechia.

Homelessness Strategy (Table 5) • There is no national homelessness strategy in Czechia. • Other (e.g. anti-poverty, housing) national strategy addressing homelessness: Social Inclusion Strategy 20212030 Approaches to collect data on homelessness (Table 6) • Census of people from selected categories of the ETHOS classification: Census focusing on capturing insecure and inadequate housing (Table 6.1) • Homeless People Census: Census on socio-demographic characteristics of people experiencing homelessness (Table 6.2) • Services Report: National registry on homelessness services (Table 6.3) • Census of Population, Housing and Dwellings: National population census including a question on homelessness (Table 6.4)

Data on homelessness and housing exclusion 2026: Czechia2  DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: CZECHIA © OECD 2026

Table 1. Official statistical definition of homelessness Statistical definition Homelessness In the Social Inclusion Strategy 2021–2030, homelessness is defined in line with the ETHOS (European Typology of Homelessness and Housing Exclusion) functional definition. Homelessness is understood as a heterogeneous situation encompassing people who are roofless (sleeping rough), people living in emergency or temporary accommodation, as well as individuals living in insecure or inadequate housing conditions. Table 2. Data on people experiencing homelessness: Headline estimate, by living situation Presented according to ETHOS Light Typology Year Headline estimate of homelessness (Individuals) % of total population ETHOS Light 1 People living rough ETHOS Light 2 People in emergency accommodation(1) ETHOS Light 3 People in accommodation for the homeless ETHOS Light 4

population ETHOS Light 1 People living rough ETHOS Light 2 People in emergency accommodation(1) ETHOS Light 3 People in accommodation for the homeless ETHOS Light 4 People living in institutions ETHOS Light 5 People living in unconventional dwellings(2) ETHOS Light 6 People staying with family/friends 2019 NA NA 11 608 Included under ETHOS Light 1 1 640(3) Not included Not included Not included 2022 159 800 1.5% 12 000 Included under ETHOS Light 1 12 445 6 300 Not included 16 000 2025 160 517 1.5% 11 641 Included under ETHOS Light 1 13 890 4 769 8 167 11 000

Metadata: • Type of count: Point-in-time • Data are comparable across years: No

• Included in headline estimate:

o Children: Yes o Temporary accommodation for: ▪ Asylum seekers: No ▪ Refugees: No ▪ Victims/survivors of domestic violence: Yes Note: The total headline estimate includes people experiencing homelessness and housing exclusion, which covers living situations that extend beyond the ETHOS Light typology. Data are only partially comparable across years, as not all ETHOS categories were consistently defined or covered in each census. Within the 2025 enumeration, homelessness and housing exclusion is operationalised according to the Czech language version of the European Typology of Homelessness and Housing Exclusion (ETHOS) . For the purposes of the enumeration, the ETHOS typology was adapted primarily on the basis of the Methodology for the Enumeration of Homeless People in the Czech Republic – Extended Version (RILSA, 2023).

version of the European Typology of Homelessness and Housing Exclusion (ETHOS) . For the purposes of the enumeration, the ETHOS typology was adapted primarily on the basis of the Methodology for the Enumeration of Homeless People in the Czech Republic – Extended Version (RILSA, 2023). (1) Estimates for ETHOS Light 2 consider individuals in hostels for people experien cing homelessness. (2) Estimates for ETHOS Light 5 consider persons living in unsuitable flats in apartment buildings (including family houses), persons living with the owner's consent in non-residential premises and mobile dwellings, and persons living with the owner's consent in unsuitable cot tages and cabins. (3) Compared to 2022 and 2025, the 2019 value for ETHOS Light 3 reflects only a limited sub-category (short-term public accommodation counted by municipalities).

Source: OECD Questionnaire on Affordable and Social Housing (QuASH); Count of individuals in selected categories of the ETHOS classification (Sčítání osob z vybraných kategorií klasifikace ETHOS – 2025; 47-souhrnn_zvren_zprva.pdf – 2022; Sčítání+osob+bez+domova+v+České+republice+2019+(VÚPSV,+v.+v.+i.).pdf -- 2019).

Table 3. Data on people experiencing homelessness: Headline estimate, by sub-group and living situation Presented according to ETHOS Light Typology, 2025 Single adults Men Women Youth (aged 15-26) Older people (aged 65 and over) Families with children (# of households) Headline estimate of homelessness NA NA NA NA NA NA As percentage of total population experiencing homelessness NA NA NA NA NA NA 3

DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: CZECHIA © OECD 2026

ETHOS Light 1: People living rough 11 641 9 273 2 368 600 916 NA

experiencing homelessness NA NA NA NA NA NA 3

DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: CZECHIA © OECD 2026

ETHOS Light 1: People living rough 11 641 9 273 2 368 600 916 NA ETHOS Light 2: People in emergency accommodation NA NA NA NA NA NA ETHOS Light 3: People in accommodation for the homeless NA NA NA NA NA NA ETHOS Light 4: People living in institutions 4 769 3 816 953 NA 728 NA ETHOS Light 5: People living in unconventional dwellings NA NA NA NA NA NA ETHOS Light 6: People staying with family/friends NA NA NA NA NA NA Metadata: • Type of count: Point-in-time

• Included in headline estimate:

o Children: Yes o Temporary accommodation for: ▪ Asylum seekers: No ▪ Refugees: No ▪ Victims/survivors of domestic violence: Yes Note: Sub-groups are not mutually exclusive. ETHOS 4 includes homeless persons staying in medical and pe nal institutions; the headline figure represents the sum of these two categories.

Source: OECD Questionnaire on Affordable and Social Housing (QuASH); Sčítání osob z vybraných kategorií klasifikace ETHOS Table 4. Legal framework to collect data on homelessness Legal framework Law that governs data collection on homelessness

None. Legal obligations None. Table 5. Homelessness strategy Homelessness strategies in place National Homelessness Strategy • There is no national homelessness strategy in Czechia. • Other (e.g. anti-poverty, housing) national strategy addressing homelessness: Social Inclusion Strategy 2021-2030 Regional and/or local homelessness strategies exist No Table 6. Approaches to collect data on homelessness 6.1. Census of people from selected categories of the ETHOS classification Description

Strategy 2021-2030 Regional and/or local homelessness strategies exist No Table 6. Approaches to collect data on homelessness 6.1. Census of people from selected categories of the ETHOS classification Description The Census of people from selected categories of the ETHOS classification inten ds to contribute to the measurement of the dimensions of the ETHOS typology (individuals without a roof, without an apartment, insecure housing, and inadequate housing) in Czechia, with special focus on r eporting the individuals which are ‘’more difficult to detect’’. The census builds on the 2019 homeless people census and seeks to capture the following groups: 1) People living in inadequate and insecure housing; 2) People living in ‘’more difficult to ascertain categories of insecure and inadequate housing; 3) People living without a roof and in shelters (it includes people living outside, in hostels and in shelters). The measurement of peop le living in inadequate and insecure housing was done through a c ombination of administrative data and service-based sampling. For the second category, people living temporarily with family and friends were reported by using secondary data (previous surveys, data from associations, etc.). The third category was reported replicating the methods used in the 2019 Homeless people census to allow for a comparison across years.4  DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: CZECHIA © OECD 2026

Type of count generated Point-in-time Methods • Administrative data • Service-based method • Street count Lead authority(ies) Mandated by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MPSV) and conducted by SocioFactor. Source(s) of information Individuals experiencing homelessness when interviewed directly, service providers when providing information and public/non-public authorities when providing data from their registries. Scope National level Depth of data Sociodemographic characteristics taken into account and results disaggregated by: gender, age, education, socioeconomic status, etc. Frequency

when providing information and public/non-public authorities when providing data from their registries. Scope National level Depth of data Sociodemographic characteristics taken into account and results disaggregated by: gender, age, education, socioeconomic status, etc. Frequency Non-fixed periodicity. The census first took place in 2022.

ETHOS Light groups included: • ETHOS Light 1: Living on the streets, in public spaces • ETHOS Light 2: Emergency accommodation (e.g. shelters) • ETHOS Light 3: Accommodation for the homeless (e.g. hostels and women’s refuges) • ETHOS Light 4: People in institutions • ETHOS Light 5: People in non-conventional dwellings (e.g. caravans, cars or tents) • ETHOS Light 6: Living temporarily with others in conventional housing (e.g. sofa-surfing)

Note: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more subcategories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted.

Notes and sources Official report_Census of People From Selected Categories_of_ETHOS

6.2. Homeless people census Description The Research Institute for Labour and Social Affairs conducted a nation-wide census of homelessness in 2019 to create a database with sociodemographic information on the characteristics of individuals experiencing homelessness in Czechia; specifically of those without a roof and without an apartment. The census incorporated three data collection methods. First, street counts were carried out to count the number of people sleeping rough (89 municipalities). Second, a blended street count/service-based methodology was used to count the number of individuals experiencing homelessness living in sh elters or located in other accommodation for the homeless. Lastly, the capture-recapture method was utilized in larger Czech municipalities.

Type of count generated Point-in-time Methods • Street count • Service-based method • Capture-recapture Lead authority(ies) Mandated by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and

Type of count generated Point-in-time Methods • Street count • Service-based method • Capture-recapture Lead authority(ies) Mandated by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and conducted/completed by the Research Institute for Labour and Social Affairs. Source(s) of information People experiencing homelessness (through surveys), and service-based sampling (for the questionnaire submitted by service providers) and administrative data (for municipalities using the capture-recapture method). Scope • National coverage • 403 Czech municipalities participated (54% of the Czech population covered), 17 of the 18 largest Czech municipalities participated. Depth of data Sociodemographic characteristics taken into account and data disaggregated by: gender, age, type of place of sleep, length of stay without a roof and without and apartment. Frequency Non-fixed periodicity. Only conducted in 2019

ETHOS Light groups included: • ETHOS Light 1: Living on the streets, in public spaces • ETHOS Light 2: Emergency accommodation (e.g. shelters) • ETHOS Light 3: Accommodation for the homeless (e.g. hostels and women’s refuges) 5

DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: CZECHIA © OECD 2026

• ETHOS Light 4: People in institutions

Note: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more subcategories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted.

Notes and sources Official report_CZE 1

6.3. Services report: Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MLSA) Description National registry where the stock of services targeting people ex periencing homelessness and at risk of homelessness is stored. This data contains information on the number and the composition of people who benefit from services such as emergency housing and asylum housing.

Type of count generated Flow (period) Methods Service-based method

Description National registry where the stock of services targeting people ex periencing homelessness and at risk of homelessness is stored. This data contains information on the number and the composition of people who benefit from services such as emergency housing and asylum housing.

Type of count generated Flow (period) Methods Service-based method Lead authority(ies) Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MLSA) Source(s) of information Service providers are the source of data used in the registry. Scope National level Depth of data Data disaggregated by: type of service provided and key demographic characteristics, Frequency Annual ETHOS Light groups included: • ETHOS Light 2: Emergency accommodation (e.g. shelters) • ETHOS Light 3: Accommodation for the homeless (e.g. hostels and women’s refuges) • ETHOS Light 4: People in institutions

Note: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more subcategories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted.

Notes and sources Statistical yearbook (2022) National strategies to fight homelessness and housing exclusion Czechia Country profile Feantsa

6.4. Census of Population, Housing and Dwellings Description Everyone who is registered as staying in Czechia for more than 90 days, has been granted asylum or lives in Czechia at the time of the Census m ust complete the census online or on paper. The questionnaire includes a question on homelessness.

Type of count generated Point-in-time Methods Population Census Lead authority(ies) Czech Statistical Office Source(s) of information Individuals experiencing homelessness Scope National level Depth of data • Data is disaggregated by region and territory. Frequency Every 10 years. The last census took place in 2021

ETHOS Light groups included: • ETHOS Light 1: Living on the streets, in public spaces

Individuals experiencing homelessness Scope National level Depth of data • Data is disaggregated by region and territory. Frequency Every 10 years. The last census took place in 2021

ETHOS Light groups included: • ETHOS Light 1: Living on the streets, in public spaces Note: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more subcategories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted.

Notes and sources Official results on homelessness in the 2021 Census6  DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: CZECHIA © OECD 2026

Please refer to the OECD Affordable Housing Database, indicator HC3.1.Population experiencing homelessness, https://www.oecd.org/content/oecd/en/data/datasets/oecd-affordable-housingdatabase.html.

This work is issued under the responsibility of the Secretar y-General of the OECD, and does not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD Member countries. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as well as any data and map included here in, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

© OECD 2026

Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution – you must cite the work. Translations – you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the fo llowing text: In

work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution – you must cite the work. Translations – you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the fo llowing text: In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and the translation, only the tex t of original work should be considered valid. Adaptations – you must cite the original work and add the following text: This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries. Third-party material – the licence does not apply to third -party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and for any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without expres s permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work. Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one.