OCDE - Data on homelessness and housing exclusion 2026 - Francia de 2026

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DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: FRANCE © OECD 2026

Summary of key data and information Summary of key data and information Official statistical definition of homelessness (Table 1) The following statistical definition of homelessness is used: people who have spent the previous night in a place not intended for habitation (e.g. street, tent, car, car park, park or wood, place of public transport, slum) or in an accommodation (emergency accommodation, hotels, accommodation and social reintegration centres called “CHRS”, specific centres for asylum seekers – i.e. accommodation without rental contract, sublease contract, or residence contract in social residences, that would be considered as housing). Latest national estimates of homelessness (Table 2, Table 3) 333 000 individuals, representing 0.49% of the total population (2022) Point-in-time count, based on an estimate from the Délégation interministérielle à l’hébergement et à l’accès au logement (DIHAL) ETHOS Light groups included Included: • ETHOS Light 1: Living on the streets, in public spaces • ETHOS Light 2: Emergency accommodation (e.g. shelters) • ETHOS Light 3: Accommodation for the homeless (e.g. hostels and women’s refuges) • ETHOS Light 5: People in non-conventional dwellings (e.g. caravans, cars or tents) Not included: • ETHOS Light 4: People in institutions • ETHOS Light 6: Living temporarily with others in conventional housing (e.g. sofa-surfing) Notes: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more sub-categories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted. Legal framework to collect data on homelessness (Table 4) There is no legal obligation to collect data on homelessness in France.

Homelessness Strategy (Table 5)

considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted. Legal framework to collect data on homelessness (Table 4) There is no legal obligation to collect data on homelessness in France.

Homelessness Strategy (Table 5) • National Homelessness Strategy: Housing First Plan (Le plan quinquennal pour le Logement d’abord et la lutte contre le sans-abrisme) Approaches to collect data on homelessness (Table 6) • Night of Solidarity (Nuit de la solidarité): Street count with questionnaire performed by volunteers in major cities (Table 6.1) • Homelessness survey (Enquête sans domicile): Individuals using services which provide meals, housing or night shelters were sampled through interviews and questionnaires (Table 6.2) • Slum clearing platform (Plateforme résorption-bidonvilles): Organisations working with people living in nonconventional housing settlements regularly update information on an online platform (Table 6.3) • Information system – Integrated reception and orientation service (Système Information – Service intégré d’accueil et d’orientation (SI-SIAO)): Information regarding individuals requesting housing assistance through SIAO is recorded (Table 6.4)

Data on homelessness and housing exclusion 2026: France2  DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: FRANCE © OECD 2026

Table 1. Official statistical definition of homelessness Statistical definition Homelessness The following statistical definition is used: people who have spent the previous night in a place not intended for habitation (e.g. street, tent, car, car park, park or wood, place of public transport, slum) or in an accommodation (emergency accommodation, hotels, accommodation and social reintegration centres called “CHRS”, specific centres for asylum seekers – i.e. accommodation without rental contract, sublease contract, or residence contract in social residences, that would be considered as housing). Table 2. Data on people experiencing homelessness: Headline estimate, by living situation

accommodation, hotels, accommodation and social reintegration centres called “CHRS”, specific centres for asylum seekers – i.e. accommodation without rental contract, sublease contract, or residence contract in social residences, that would be considered as housing). Table 2. Data on people experiencing homelessness: Headline estimate, by living situation Presented according to ETHOS Light Typology Year Headline estimate of homelessness (Individuals) % of total population ETHOS Light 1 People living rough ETHOS Light 2 People in emergency accommodation ETHOS Light 3 People in accommodation for the homeless ETHOS Light 4 People living in institutions ETHOS Light 5 People living in unconventional dwellings ETHOS Light 6 People staying with family/friends 2022 333 000 0.49% ~5 500 ~ 316 000 Included in

ETHOS 2

Not included ~11 200 Not Included Metadata: • Type of count: Point-in-time

• Included in headline estimate:

o Children: Yes o Temporary accommodation for: ‒ Asylum seekers: Yes ‒ Refugees: Yes ‒ Victims/survivors of domestic violence: Yes Note: Estimate by the Délégation interministérielle à l ’hébergement et à l’accès au logement (DIHAL), based on the aggregation of several pointin-time data sources from across the country. The data in ETHOS 2 include approximately 113 000 individuals staying in temporary accommodation for asylum seekers.

Source: OECD Questionnaire on Affordable Housing (QuASH); DIHAL (2023).

Table 3. Data on people experiencing homelessness: Headline estimate, by sub-group and living situation Data not available. Table 4. Legal framework to collect data on homelessness Legal framework Law that governs data collection on homelessness None.

Table 3. Data on people experiencing homelessness: Headline estimate, by sub-group and living situation Data not available. Table 4. Legal framework to collect data on homelessness Legal framework Law that governs data collection on homelessness None. Legal obligations None. Table 5. Homelessness strategy Homelessness strategies in place National Homelessness Strategy Housing First Plan Regional and/or local homelessness strategies exist No. 3

DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: FRANCE © OECD 2026

Table 6. Approaches to collect data on homelessness 6.1. Night of Solidarity (Nuit de la solidarité) Description The Nuit de la Solidarité is organised once a year, on a given night in January or February in numerous French cities. Volunteers count the number of people who plan to spend the night or are already asleep in the street, te nt, camp, car, car park, park or wood, place of public transport, camp , etc. They also administer a questionnaire. (The city of Paris piloted a second street count in the summer of 2023, in addition to the winter street count).

Type of count generated Point-in-time Methods Street Count Lead authority(ies) Délégation interministérielle à l ’hébergement et à l ’accès au logement (DIHAL) Source(s) of information Cities perform the data collection themselves and report the results to DIHAL Scope 41 major French cities in 2023 Depth of data Key demographic characteristics Frequency Annual ETHOS Light groups included: • ETHOS Light 1: Living on the streets, in public spaces • ETHOS Light 5: People in non-conventional dwellings (e.g. caravans, cars or tents)

Note: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more subcategories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted.

Note: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more subcategories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted.

Notes and sources Nuit de la Solidarité hiver 2023 : 3015 personnes - Ville de Paris Guide de la Nuit de la solidarité (2021) https://www.paris.fr/pages/nuit-de-la-solidarite-2026-33001 https://www.apur.org/fr/open-data-cartes/observatoire/nuit-solidarite-paris-metropole-grand-paris

6.2. Homelessness survey (Enquête sans domicile) Description Individuals using services providing meals, housing or night shelters are samp led through interviews and questionnaires. Although not all people sampled were necessarily experiencing homelessness, their status was established through the questionnaire. The survey previously took place in 2001 and 2012. The sampling was a random 3-degrees sampling, which included choosing random conurbations, time of visits (within a given frame to maximise responses) and users attending the service on the day of the planned visit. The sampling process was informed by a pre-survey realised by regional offices and enriched by telephone surveys. French-speaking people filled out a form face to face with an interviewer. Non-French speaking people had the o ption to choose between 14 languages and filled out a self-administered questionnaire if they understood one of the languages.

Type of count generated Point-in-time Methods Service-based method Lead authority(ies) Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE) Source(s) of information Users of hosting services or meal distribution provide information through the questionnaire Scope National level; The survey is conducted in a sample of services in cities over 20.000 inhabitants with an aim of statistical representativeness. Depth of data Detailed demographic information, as well as pathways into homelessness Frequency Irregular; most recent survey conducted in spring 2025; data

Scope National level; The survey is conducted in a sample of services in cities over 20.000 inhabitants with an aim of statistical representativeness. Depth of data Detailed demographic information, as well as pathways into homelessness Frequency Irregular; most recent survey conducted in spring 2025; data may become available at the end of 2026

ETHOS Light groups included: • ETHOS Light 1: Living on the streets, in public spaces • ETHOS Light 2: Emergency accommodation (e.g. shelters) • ETHOS Light 3: Accommodation for the homeless (e.g. hostels and women’s refuges)4  DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: FRANCE © OECD 2026

Note: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more subcategories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted.

Notes and sources Présentation statistique − Survey about people attending hosting services or meal distribution - 2012 | Insee L’hébergement des sans-domicile en 2012 - Insee Première - 1455

6.3. Slum clearing platform (Plateforme résorption-bidonvilles) Description The Résorption-bidonvilles platform is a tool for information, sharing and steering, that is used to move people from non-conventional housing settlements to conventional housing. Organisations working with people living in non-con ventional housing settlements regularly update information on corr esponding settlements in the platform. Type of count generated • Point-in-time • Flow (period) Note: Both pointin-time and flow data can be generated through this method. Methods Other (Information system on non-conventional housing) Lead authority(ies) Délégation interministérielle à l ’hébergement et à l ’accès au logement (DIHAL) Source(s) of information

through this method. Methods Other (Information system on non-conventional housing) Lead authority(ies) Délégation interministérielle à l ’hébergement et à l ’accès au logement (DIHAL) Source(s) of information NGOs, government services, associations and other organisations working with people living in non-conventional housing update information directly in the platform. Scope • The platform collects information on all nonconventional settlements in France. • Limited monitoring in Overseas departments and territories. Depth of data • Number and characteristics of people living in non-conventional housing • Characteristics of non-conventional housing Frequency Ongoing ETHOS Light groups included: • ETHOS Light 5: People in non-conventional dwellings (e.g. caravans, cars or tents)

Note: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more subcategories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted.

Notes and sources Résorption-bidonvilles – Agir pour résorber les bidonvilles (beta.gouv.fr)

6.4. Information system – integrated reception and orientation service (Système Information – Service intégré d’accueil et d’orientation (SI-SIAO)) Description The number of people requesting emergency housing assistance, transitional housing and/or social support through the Information system – integrated reception and orientation service (SIAO) is recorded, as well as the outcome of the decision. Départements provide individual activity reports each year.

Type of count generated • Point-in-time • Flow (period) Note: Both pointin-time and flow data can be generated through this approach. Methods Information management system on individuals experiencing homelessness Lead authority(ies) Délégation interministérielle à l ’hébergement et à l ’accès au logement (DIHAL) Source(s) of information People applying for homelessness related services provide information directly

Methods Information management system on individuals experiencing homelessness Lead authority(ies) Délégation interministérielle à l ’hébergement et à l ’accès au logement (DIHAL) Source(s) of information People applying for homelessness related services provide information directly through the online portal Scope National Depth of data Key demographic characteristics and current situation Frequency Ongoing 5

DATA ON HOMELESSNESS AND HOUSING EXCLUSION 2026: FRANCE © OECD 2026

ETHOS Light groups included: • ETHOS Light 1: Living on the streets, in public spaces • ETHOS Light 2: Emergency accommodation (e.g. shelters) • ETHOS Light 3: Accommodation for the homeless (e.g. hostels and women’s refuges) • ETHOS Light 4: People in institutions

Note: Each ETHOS Light group includes one or more subcategories of living situations. ETHOS Light groups are considered as “included” in the data collection approach if at least one of the sub-categories is counted.

Notes and sources https://basedeconnaissances.sisiao.social.gouv.fr/support

Please refer to the OECD Affordable Housing Database, indicator HC3.1.Population experiencing homelessness, https://www.oecd.org/content/oecd/en/data/datasets/oecd-affordable-housingdatabase.html.

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© OECD 2026

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© OECD 2026

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