OCDE - Effective Carbon Rates Colombia 2025

EFFECTIVE CARBON RATES 2025: COLOMBIA © OECD 2026

Net Effective Carbon Rates in Colombia Share of greenhouse gas emissions subject to a positive Net ECR by instrument, 2023 In 2023, 13% of GHG emissions in Colombia are subject to a positive Net Effective Carbon Rate (ECR). Explicit carbon prices in Colombia consist of carbon taxes, which cover 31.1% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in CO 2e. Fuel excise taxes, which implicitly price carbon, cover 20% of emissions in 2023. Fossil fuel subsidies cover 18.1% of emissions.

Note: Percentages are rounded to the first decimal place. Effective Carbon Rates 2025 final estimates.

Average Net ECRs by instrument, real 2023 EUR, 2023 When measured in real 2023 euros, Net Effective Carbon Rates are EUR -9.18 per tonne of CO 2e on average in Colombia in 2023. Explicit carbon prices reach an average of EUR 1.43 per tonne of CO2e. Fuel excise taxes amount to EUR 7.82 per tonne of CO2e on average. Fossil fuel subsidies average EUR 18.44 per tonne of CO2e.2 

EFFECTIVE CARBON RATES 2025: COLOMBIA © OECD 2026

Note: Prices are rounded to the nearest eurocent. Effective Carbon Rates 2025 final estimates.

Distribution of Net ECRs across GHG emissions, 2023 About 14% of GHG emissions are subject to a positive Net ECR in Colombia. About 1% of GHG emissions have a Net ECR above EUR 60 per tonne of CO2e.

Note: Simplified for illustration (the average price for each percentile bracket is shown). Effective Carbon Rates 2025 final estimates.

Average Net ECR by sector and instrument, 2023 Colombia's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are mainly from other GHGs (55.5%). Net Effective Carbon Rates are

Note: Simplified for illustration (the average price for each percentile bracket is shown). Effective Carbon Rates 2025 final estimates.

Average Net ECR by sector and instrument, 2023 Colombia's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are mainly from other GHGs (55.5%). Net Effective Carbon Rates are highest in the Agriculture & fisheries sector, which accounts for 0.2% of the country's total GHG emissions, followed by the Industry sector. The N et ECR is zero or negative in the Buildings, Other GHG and Road transport sector. Together, these sectors account for 76.8% of GHG emissions. Fuel excise taxes cover the Agriculture & fisheries, Buildings, Electricity, Industry, Off-road transport and Road transport sectors. 3

EFFECTIVE CARBON RATES 2025: COLOMBIA © OECD 2026

Notes on all figures: Tax rates applicable on 1 April 202 3, Emission Trading Systems operating in 202 3 with ETS coverage estimates based on the OECD’s Effective Carbon Rates 2025, i.e. coverage year 2023. Fossil fuel subsidy estimates are based on the OECD’s Inventory of Fossil Fuel Support, where available, and original research for the other countries . Due to data availability, fossil fuel subsidy estimates for 2023 are based on data for 2022. GHG emissions are the sum of fossil -fuel related CO2 emissions, calculated based on energy use data for 2023 from the IEA ‘s World Energy Balances 2025 and other GHGs from Climate Watch 2025. Other GHG emissions refer to methane and nitrous oxide from energy use, fugitive emissions, industrial process emissions (including F-gases), non-fuel based agricultural emissions and waste emissions and excluding Land use change and forestry (LUCF) . In the Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation database, sectors corresponding to agriculture and fisheries, buildings, electricity, industry, off -road transport and road transport make up CO 2 emissions from energy use – more detailed definitions are available in Annex A of OECD (2025) Effective Carbon Rates 2025.

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buildings, electricity, industry, off -road transport and road transport make up CO 2 emissions from energy use – more detailed definitions are available in Annex A of OECD (2025) Effective Carbon Rates 2025. Want to know more? • Which domestic policy instruments are included as carbon pricing instruments? View the background information: www.oecd.org/tax/tax-policy/carbon-pricing-background-notes.pdf • Access the data shown in the country notes: http://data-explorer.oecd.org/s/he https://oe.cd/tax-and-environment TaxEnvironmentStatistics@OECD.org @OECDtax OECD Tax4 

EFFECTIVE CARBON RATES 2025: COLOMBIA © OECD 2026

This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary -General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. The OECD is grateful to the Kingdom of Belgium Federal Public Service, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation for a voluntary contribution that has supported this work. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West B ank under the terms of international law. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiye shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union

Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiye shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

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The full book is available in English: OECD (2025), Effective Carbon Rates 2025: Recent Trends in Taxes on Energy Use and Carbon Pricing, OECD Series on Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/a5a5d71fen.

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