OEA - CP - Resolución CP CSH 2389

PERMANENT COUNCIL OF THE OEA/Ser.G

ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES CP/CSH-2389/26 11 March 2026

COMMITTEE ON HEMISPHERIC SECURITY Original: Spanish

CONCEPT PAPER

WOMEN, PEACE, AND SECURITY: ADDRESSING HUMAN MOBILITY AND

DISPLACEMENT ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND

INCREASED FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY OF EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS IN THE AMERICAS This document is presented in preparation for the meeting on Women, Peace and Security to be held in the Simón Bolívar Room on March 19, 2026 at 10:00 a.m.

CONTENTS

I. Background.....................................................................................................................................2

II. Purpose of the meeting ...................................................................................................................4

III. Objectives of the meeting ...............................................................................................................4

IV .Key areas of discussion ..................................................................................................................4 V . Expected outcomes .........................................................................................................................5

VI. Guiding questions ...........................................................................................................................52I. Background Environmental degradation and the climate crisis are increasingly intense meteorological phenomena are impacting communities in the Americas more and more, creating challenges with implications for security, sustainable development, and social stability. In certain contexts, these phenomena have resulted in situations of human mobility and displacement, particularly when environmental impacts undermine access to livelihoods, natural resources, and essential services.

These dynamics may affect populations differently. Women and girls may face specific challenges associated with displacement and human mobility, including obstacles to accessing protection and services, as well as to participating in decision-making processes. At the same time, women play a critical role in strengthening community resilience and supporting recovery efforts. The United Nations Security Council, through resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent resolutions on Women, Peace and Security, recognized the importance of protecting the rights of women and girls affected by conflict and displacement, and of ensuring their participation in peace and security efforts. In its approach to this issue, the OAS Inter-American Commission of Women (CIM) has emphasized the importance of focusing the women, peace, and security agenda on the current

women and girls affected by conflict and displacement, and of ensuring their participation in peace and security efforts. In its approach to this issue, the OAS Inter-American Commission of Women (CIM) has emphasized the importance of focusing the women, peace, and security agenda on the current reality of the region, where the principal threats are not from formal interstate armed conflict, but a multiplicity of crises in the political, economic, environmental, and health spheres, among others. 1 / Similarly, the CIM has placed women’s leadership at the center of this process of reflection, debate, and training to address crises and conflict. Human mobility and displacement associated with armed conflict and other forms of violence remain a persistent reality. According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), as of the end of 2024 there were an estimated 123.2 million people in the world who had been forcibly displaced as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, and human rights violations.2 / Similarly, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), in its Global Report on Internal Displacement 2025, estimated that 83.4 million people were internally displaced as of the end of 2024; of those, 73.5 million had been displaced by conflict and violence, and 9.8 million by disasters.3 / Various assessments across the UN system have also emphasized that environmental degradation and the climate crisis can interact with underlying fragilities, tensions, and conflict, affecting livelihoods and access to basic resources. These dynamics may heighten security risks and contribute to patterns of human mobility and displacement. The reports on Women, Peace and Security presented over the past four years by the United Nations Secretary-General have provided further analysis of emerging challenges affecting women and peace and security. In particular, the Secretary-General has noted that environmental degradation and the climate crisis can exacerbate existing vulnerabilities and contribute to situations of human mobility

1 . CIM/OAS, Pathways to Peace and Security Forged by Women: An Agenda for the Americas, available at https://www.oas.org/en/cim/docs/MPS_eng_fn.pdf

the climate crisis can exacerbate existing vulnerabilities and contribute to situations of human mobility

1 . CIM/OAS, Pathways to Peace and Security Forged by Women: An Agenda for the Americas, available at https://www.oas.org/en/cim/docs/MPS_eng_fn.pdf 2 . United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2024. 3 . Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Global Report on Internal Displacement 2025.- 3and displacement, and has underscored the importance of integrating gender perspectives into responses to these challenges.4 / In the Inter-American system, the Mechanism to Follow Up on Implementation of the Convention of Belém do Pará (MESECVI) has stressed that contemporary crises, including climate emergencies, displacement, and digital transformations, can intensify the risks of violence against women and girls and generate new forms of violence and discrimination that require comprehensive responses from States.5 / In addition, the Organization of American States has recognized the multidimensional nature of security and the implications that emerging risks and challenges can pose for the stability, development, and well-being of member states. In this context, the Committee on Hemispheric Security studies matters related to hemispheric security and makes recommendations to the Permanent Council on such matters. At the regional level, two countries have recently incorporated this focus on the climate crisis and human mobility in their national action plans on Women, Peace and Security: Chile 6 / in October 2025 and Colombia in November 2025.7 / Moreover, the States Parties to the Convention of Belem do Para have recognized that climate and environmental crises have differentiated impacts on the rights of women and girls and have stressed the need to fully integrate a gender perspective into climate and risk management policies. They have also underscored the importance of ensuring the effective participation of women in decision-making processes related to environmental and climate governance.8 / Similarly, the States Parties have recognized the need to strengthen the protection of women human rights defenders, environmental defenders, and territorial defenders, as well as women in contexts of human mobility, who may face specific risks of violence and discrimination. 9 / The States

processes related to environmental and climate governance.8 / Similarly, the States Parties have recognized the need to strengthen the protection of women human rights defenders, environmental defenders, and territorial defenders, as well as women in contexts of human mobility, who may face specific risks of violence and discrimination. 9 / The States Parties also highlight the need to “produce evidence on the different impacts of digital violence and climate emergencies, environmental degradation, pollution, and disasters in relation with the differentiated impacts on the rights of women, adolescents and girls.”

4 . United Nations, reports of the Secretary-General on Women, Peace and Security, in particular documents S/2025/556, paras. 77–82; S/2024/671, paras. 80–84; S/2023/725, paras. 72–75; and S/2022/740, paras. 64–69. 5 . Declaration on Democracy, Climate Emergency, Digital Environments, and New Forms of Violence against Women, adopted at the Tenth Conference of States Parties of the MESECVI, Fortaleza, Brazil, December 2025 (Declaration of Fortaleza): https://www.oas.org/es/mesecvi/docs/Declaration%20X%20CEP%20ENG.pdf 6 . Government of Chile, Tercer Plan de Acción Nacional para la Implementación de la Resolución 1325 (2000) del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas sobre Mujeres, Paz y Seguridad 2025-2030 , available at: https://www.minrel.gob.cl/minrel/site/docs/20250901/20250901173032/resolucion_1325_.pdf 7 . Government of Colombia, Primer plan de acción nacional mujeres, paz y seguridad: resolución 1325 del consejo de seguridad de las Naciones Unidas, available at: https://www.minigualdadyequidad.gov.co/documents/d/guest/documento-tecnico-pan1325-vf-1-pdf 8 . Declaration of Fortaleza, para. 30. 9 . Declaration of Fortaleza, para. 28.- 4https://www.minigualdadyequidad.gov.co/documents/d/guest/documento-tecnico-pan1325-vf-1-pdf 8 . Declaration of Fortaleza, para. 30. 9 . Declaration of Fortaleza, para. 28.- 4Strengthening dialogue and deepening understanding of the relationship among environmental degradation, extreme weather events, human mobility, and the Women, Peace and Security agenda can support member states in developing comprehensive approaches.

II. Purpose of the meeting This meeting will provide a space for dialogue among member states, international organizations, and experts to examine issues related to human mobility and displacement associated with environmental degradation and extreme weather events, and to exchange experiences and approaches that contribute to prevention, protection, and resilience, taking into account the perspective of the Women, Peace and Security agenda.

III. Objectives of the meeting This meeting will seek to: • examine experiences related to human mobility and displacement associated with environmental degradation and increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, which can act as risk multipliers that exacerbate structural inequalities; • analyze considerations related to the protection and participation of women and girls affected by displacement; • share experiences and best practices among the member states; • promote dialogue and exchange of perspectives with international organizations; and • identify opportunities for cooperation in the inter-American system.

IV . Key areas of discussion

1. Environmental degradation, extreme weather events, and human mobility • Overview of experiences related to human mobility associated with environmental degradation • Considerations related to human security and community resilience • Perspectives of member states on emerging risks, policy gaps, and priority challenges to strengthening regional action. • Interaction between armed conflicts and other forms of violence, environmental degradation, extreme weather events, and displacement dynamics.

2. Women, Peace and Security and displacement • The specific risks and needs of displaced women and girls in conflict settings, including the differentiated impacts they face when environmental conditions deteriorate and the risks associated with the extreme weather events intensify. • Considerations related to the protection of women and girls affected by displacement • Participation of women in prevention, response, and recovery efforts • Perspectives reflected in United Nations reports and international discussions5including the differentiated impacts they face when environmental conditions deteriorate and the risks associated with the extreme weather events intensify. • Considerations related to the protection of women and girls affected by displacement • Participation of women in prevention, response, and recovery efforts • Perspectives reflected in United Nations reports and international discussions53. Policy approaches and best practices • National experiences • Prevention and protection approaches • Institutional and public policy considerations

4. Cooperation and experience sharing • Cooperation opportunities • Role of international organizations • Sharing of best practices V . Expected outcomes This meeting will contribute to strengthening dialogue among member states; enhancing understanding of how environmental degradation, extreme weather events, human mobility, and the Women, Peace and Security agenda relate to each other; and identifying possible areas for future work within the Organization of American States.

VI. Guiding questions • How are the interactions among environmental degradation, extreme weather events, and human mobility being experienced and addressed in your national context? • How do gender dynamics influence vulnerabilities, risks, and responses to these challenges in your national context? • What lessons learned, innovations, or transformative practices could be shared to strengthen regional action and enrich exchanges of experience in the inter-American system? • What opportunities exist to move beyond bilateral efforts and strengthen collective regional action, and how can the OAS strategically support member states in anticipating, responding to, and strengthening resilience in the face of these evolving challenges?