OIM - Summary IOM Intersectional Gender Analysis Toolkit

IOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT SUMMARYThe opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.

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publications@iom.int. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/b y-nc-nd/3.0/igo/legalcodeIOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT SUMMARYPurpose The Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit provides

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publications@iom.int. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/b y-nc-nd/3.0/igo/legalcodeIOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT SUMMARYPurpose The Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit provides practical guidance for IOM personnel to apply intersectional gender analysis in their work across different contexts and thematic areas. It outlines a framework and a step-by-step process for conducting such analysis with additional resources and tools. Intersectional gender analysis supports IOM to understand the multifaceted experiences and inequalities faced by migrants and crisis-affected populations. Using this as a foundation for action enables IOM to contextualize interventions, integrate recommendations across the project cycle, take evidence-based decisions and ensure accountability to the populations that IOM serves, especially marginalized groups. Conducting intersectional gender analysis and taking action on findings supports IOM to:

1. Deliver efficient, effective, sustainable and results-based programmes, policies and strategies;

2. Meet commitments to uphold human rights and achieve gender equality and women’s and girls’ empowerment;

3. Reduce risks of overlooking inequalities and of causing harm.

Key concepts Intersectionality: The ways in which age, race, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression, and other aspects of our identity overlap and interact, informing how people simultaneously experience oppression and privilege in their daily lives. The term reinforces the understanding that inequalities are not the outcome of single, distinct factors, but rather the outcome of intersections of differing social identity categories, power relations, structures, processes and experiences.

The importance of taking action Solomon Islands are significantly affected by climate change, with rising ocean levels threatening coastal communities and livelihoods. In response, the Government of Solomon Islands requested the support of IOM to develop climate change adaptation policy and processes to support island community relocations. IOM utilized a process of

Solomon Islands are significantly affected by climate change, with rising ocean levels threatening coastal communities and livelihoods. In response, the Government of Solomon Islands requested the support of IOM to develop climate change adaptation policy and processes to support island community relocations. IOM utilized a process of consultations and data-collection methodology which prioritized indigenous ways of knowledge sharing through storytelling to identify and address relevant gender and diversity considerations. The findings highlighted to policymakers that women, older persons and persons with disabilities were excluded from decision-making regarding relocation processes and that existing plans were not addressing the specific needs of these groups. As a result, inclusive island relocation committees were established to facilitate a relocation process where diverse needs were addressed. Transformative change for a more equitable world is possible. Cadria works in the construction sector in Mozambique, she is breaking gender barriers in the predominately male-d ominated sector. © IOM 2024 /Amanda MARTINEZ IOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT: SUMMARY1Figure 1. Intersectionality wheel 1 Gender Sex Sexual orientation Socioeconomic status Migration status Religion Race andethnicity Disability Age HomophobiaColonialism Transphobia Sexism Ableism Religious discrimination Classism Racism Ageism 1 The diversity considerations concerned by intersectionality are not limited to the ones included in Figure 1: they can also include indigeneity, geographic location, health status, etc. Source: adapted from the Equality Institute’s version of the “Intersectionality wheel” cited in UNPRPD and UN Women (2021). Intersectionality resource guide and toolkit: An intersectional approach to leave no one behind, p. 8. 2 IOM (2024). IOM Gender Equality Policy, para 6c.

Gender: The socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for individuals based on the sex they were assigned at birth.

Intersectional gender analysis: A methodology that systematically examines how gender and other

Gender: The socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for individuals based on the sex they were assigned at birth.

Intersectional gender analysis: A methodology that systematically examines how gender and other social factors, such as age, disability, ethnicity and migration status, shape power relations and create differences in needs, capacities and inequalities among individuals and groups. It recognizes that gender is not a homogenous category, and that overlapping systems of oppression can impact people’s lives in different ways. The goal is to address the root causes of inequality and empower women, girls and gender-diverse persons.

For additional important terms, see the IOM Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit, (2024), Annex 1: Glossary of key terms. When to conduct intersectional gender analysis? In line with the objective to strengthen the global evidence base on gender-related considerations of migration for all relevant stakeholders, IOM is committed to applying intersectional gender analysis to inform policy, strategy and programming.2 T o do this, IOM policy, strategy and programming at all levels must: • Integrate intersectional gender analysis across the entire project cycle, from design and planning to implementation, monitoring, evaluation and learning; • Conduct intersectional gender analysis at the start of programme, policymaking and strategy processes – during the design and planning phase; • Update analyses when contexts change, such as during or after a subsequent crisis. IOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT: SUMMARY2Here are some tips to help operationalize these requirements: • Utilize existing gender analyses, including those conducted by other agencies, to avoid duplication and to base analysis on data already available. • When conducting assessments, intersectional gender analysis can be integrated within sectoral or thematic data-collection processes or as a stand-alone assessment. • Pool funds to conduct intersectional gender analysis at mission level, to leverage its use for proposal development or mission strategy. • Include intersectional gender analysis as an activity

• When conducting assessments, intersectional gender analysis can be integrated within sectoral or thematic data-collection processes or as a stand-alone assessment. • Pool funds to conduct intersectional gender analysis at mission level, to leverage its use for proposal development or mission strategy. • Include intersectional gender analysis as an activity within projects, especially at the start, to adapt approaches before implementation.

Who is responsible? Who is accountable for the overall incorporation of intersectional gender analysis at strategic, programme and policymaking levels in IOM? Leadership and management at all levels, including: • Country or regional-level leadership; • Programme managers/coordinators; • Policy specialists; • Cluster coordinators. Who is responsible for conducting the analysis and/ or providing technical guidance to support it? • Specialists on gender and on gender-based violence with expertise in gender analysis should lead the design and implementation of primary-data-collection. As not all IOM missions have the requisite expertise, partner organizations or consultants who have strong gender analysis skills can be engaged (contact IOM Gender and Diversity Coordination Unit at Headquarters for support: gdc@iom.int). IOM staff and partners with the following skills are important to include in a multidisciplinary team to implement intersectional gender analysis: • Thematic staff (project/programme/policy leads); • Protection specialists; Empowering women in their diversity is critical to achieving sustainable peace and development, such as these women who gathered in Colombia for the development of the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security Resolution 1325. © IOM 2023/Daniel SARMIENTO IOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT: SUMMARY3• Specialists in other areas, such as disability inclusion, youth, race and so on; • Research specialists; • Persons with lived experience of gender inequality. It is always recommended to engage other actors working on gender equality and inclusion in the process, along with organizations representative of marginalized groups in the context to support the co-creation of knowledge. Refer to IOM Intersectional

• Research specialists; • Persons with lived experience of gender inequality.

It is always recommended to engage other actors working on gender equality and inclusion in the process, along with organizations representative of marginalized groups in the context to support the co-creation of knowledge. Refer to IOM Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit (2024), Annex 2, for more details on roles and responsibilities. Core principles Intersectional gender analysis is a tool for transformative social change. “Transformative change” refers to actions to address the roots of gender inequalities and other forms of social inequity. The root causes of gender inequalities and other forms of social inequity are systems of unequal power that are reinforced through social norms, institutions and legislative frameworks. Intersectional gender analysis must take concrete actions to address unequal power dynamics throughout the research process, to co-create knowledge with marginalized groups, to prioritize ethical standards to ensure minimal harm and maximal benefit for all involved, and to ensure contextualized and multilayered analysis. Central to these principles is the acknowledgement that gender exists along a spectrum and intersects with various social factors, requiring a nuanced examination of power relations and gender norms (see IOM Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit (2024), section 3.1, for more details). Figure 2. Core principles of intersectional gender analysis 1 6 5 Recognize the diversity of gender identities and gender expressions Minimize potential for harm and maximize potential bene/f_its 4 3 2 Take action and accountability Examine and address power dynamics CORE PRINCIPLES Conduct overlapping, multilayered analysis Co-create knowledge with the diversity of women, girls and gender-diverse persons IOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT: SUMMARY4Analytical framework The toolkit presents an analytical framework, outlined in Figure 3, to understand how gender and other social factors shape power relations and create differences in needs, capacities and inequalities. Central to the

women, girls and gender-diverse persons IOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT: SUMMARY4Analytical framework The toolkit presents an analytical framework, outlined in Figure 3, to understand how gender and other social factors shape power relations and create differences in needs, capacities and inequalities. Central to the framework are gender and diversity power dynamics which are analysed throughout the four domains (see Figure 3). The framework also considers the impact of systems of oppression, such as patriarchy and racism, and how these are reinforced through formal and informal institutions and social norms (horizontal line in Figure 3). These domains and systems are analysed by the different levels of impact, from individuals to households and from communities to societies (vertical line in Figure 3). The framework helps to identify gaps and differences, impacts, capabilities and priorities of different gender and intersectional groups and to determine actions to support inclusion but also to transform systems of oppression that reinforce inequalities. Figure 3. Intersectional gender analytical framework decision-m aking Participation and Violence, exploitation, abuse G ender roles and responsibilities services, information control over resources, A ccess to and Gender and Intersectional Power

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FO R IOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT: SUMMARY5Intersectional analysis differs from aggregated analysis and disaggregated analysis by analysing the overlaps between different diversity groups (see Figure 4), for example analysing the situation for women with disabilities over 60 years old, where the overlap of gender, disability and age categories is analysed. Figure 4. Types of analysis Everyone together Group A Group B Group C Group A Group B Group C Aggregate analysis Disaggregated analysis Intersectional analysis Many migrants of diverse gender identities move to Thailand in search of greater freedom to express themselves. © IOM 2023/Javier VIDAL IOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT: SUMMARY6Steps for conducting intersectional gender analysis The IOM Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit presents an eight-step process for conducting intersectional

Many migrants of diverse gender identities move to Thailand in search of greater freedom to express themselves. © IOM 2023/Javier VIDAL IOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT: SUMMARY6Steps for conducting intersectional gender analysis The IOM Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit presents an eight-step process for conducting intersectional gender analysis, as follows. It is important to note that step 1 and step 8 are most important to implement, and that applying existing gender analysis and needs assessment for other social groups for decision-making on IOM strategy, policymaking and programming for the context, may be adequate. Extensive collection of new data is often not required.

# STEP DESCRIPTION TOOLS

1 Check for and use existing gender analysis Required: Check with gender-focused organizations and inter-agency groups if there is an existing recent gender analysis available for the context, and other needs assessments for marginalized groups. Review and action existing recommendations before collecting any new data. Annex 2: Intersectional gender analysis roles and responsibilities 2 Design research questions and scope of work If more actionable data is required for action, the next step is to define the purpose, research questions to be addressed, level, depth, time frame, deliverables, budget and team composition for conducting the analysis. Annex 2: Intersectional gender analysis roles and responsibilities 3 Build an inclusive, multidisciplinary team with relevant expertise Engage a multisectoral team and, where possible, initiate the co-creation of knowledge with diverse stakeholders, especially marginalized groups and their representative organizations. Before you start any new data-collection, if you do not have confirmed gender or gender-based violence (GBV) specialist skills in your team or mission, including skills on gender analysis, reach out to the Gender and Diversity Coordination Unit at Headquarters (gdc@iom.int). Annex 3: Intersectional gender analysis consultant terms of reference template 4 Review the literature

specialist skills in your team or mission, including skills on gender analysis, reach out to the Gender and Diversity Coordination Unit at Headquarters (gdc@iom.int). Annex 3: Intersectional gender analysis consultant terms of reference template 4 Review the literature Search for existing research studies and data related to the research questions in the context. Present available information and analyse gaps and contradictions.

IMPORTANT: New data-collection is not always required, as the literature review may provide enough information to meet the analysis aims (use the decision-making tool

in IOM Intersectional Gender Analysis (2024), Figure 7). If the literature review is enough, skip to step 6 and continue. Annex 4: Secondary data sources Annex 14: Intersectional gender analysis report template

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Design the methodology and collect data If new data are needed, and if gender expertise is available and minimum requirements can be met, design an appropriate and ethical data-gathering approach. This includes: • refining the research questions, • selecting relevant intersectional social categories, • determining the sample size and sampling strategy, • designing tools for participation and safety of specific groups, • applying research ethics and consciously addressing power dynamics and biases, • developing the data analysis plan, and • mobilizing and training an inclusive team to collect the data. Prioritize co-creation with marginalized groups, and persons with lived experience, as well as participatory and intersectional research methods. Annex 5: Questions and tools – Gender roles and responsibilities Annex 6: Questions and tools – Access to and control over resources, services and information Annex 7: Questions and tools – Participation and decision-making Annex 8: Questions and tools – Violence, exploitation and abuse Annex 9: Questions and tools – Social norms, change and

resources, services and information Annex 7: Questions and tools – Participation and decision-making Annex 8: Questions and tools – Violence, exploitation and abuse Annex 9: Questions and tools – Social norms, change and empowerment Annex 10: Rapid intersectional gender analysis for humanitarian settings Annex 11: Developing intersectional gender analysis questions Annex 12: Data risk and benefits assessment tool Annex 13: Power dynamics and mitigation measures in data-collection

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Analyse data; draft and validate report and dissemination plan Use the intersectional gender analytical framework to process and present the data using disaggregated and overlapping analysis. It is important to ensure that representatives from marginalized groups are engaged and that recommendations address practical and strategic gender interests. 3 Then, share the findings and draft dissemination plan with the diversity of stakeholders for feedback and validation. Annex 14: Intersectional gender analysis report template 7 Disseminate findings Based on the validated dissemination plan, develop effective dissemination materials targeted at different audiences, adapting the materials to ensure accessibility and language diversity, and involving senior IOM leadership and decision makers in the dissemination process. 8 Take action for gender equality and social inclusion Required: Develop and apply an action plan, as well as a monitoring and evaluation plan with allocated resources to design and implement evidence-based gender equality, and equality, diversity and inclusion measures more broadly. This step is essential to translate the analysis recommendations into action to be accountable to the populations that IOM serves, especially marginalized groups. Annex 15: Intersectional gender analysis actions and monitoring templates

equality, diversity and inclusion measures more broadly. This step is essential to translate the analysis recommendations into action to be accountable to the populations that IOM serves, especially marginalized groups. Annex 15: Intersectional gender analysis actions and monitoring templates 3 Practical and strategic gender interests: Identifying and addressing both practical and strategic gender interests is critical for creating change to achieve gender equality. Practical gender interests include the concerns of daily life that relate to traditional gender roles. Such concerns often relate to inadequacies in living conditions, such as women’s and girls’ relatively poor access to collection water. The lives of people of different genders may be improved to some extent but without changing women’s, girls’ and gender-diverse persons’ subordinate position in society. In comparison, strategic gender interests have the potential to challenge and transform existing systems of power relations and norms at the root of gender inequality, such as by addressing the gap in women’s legal rights to ownership of land, equal wages, legal protection from gender-based violence, and political representation. Adapted from Molyneux (1985), Moser (1993) and March et al. (1999). 4 For surveys, IOM uses the categories: Male (M); Female (F); Another designation (e.g. O, T, X); Do not know; Prefer not to disclose. Things to keep in mind What gender data do we use? Gender data is an umbrella term for different types of data:

1. Data collected to understand the differences and relations between persons of different gender identities and between gender norms ascribed by communities and societies;

2. Data that are differentiated according to an individual’s gender identity or sex.

Gender analysis requires the use of sex-disaggregated data as a minimum standard.4 However, IOM recognizes that this standard falsely assumes that a person’s sex always corresponds with their gender identity, gender expression and/or societally perceived gender. This premise has reinforced binary notions of gender as including only women, men, girls and boys, to the exclusion of gender-diverse persons and persons with

that this standard falsely assumes that a person’s sex always corresponds with their gender identity, gender expression and/or societally perceived gender. This premise has reinforced binary notions of gender as including only women, men, girls and boys, to the exclusion of gender-diverse persons and persons with intersex variations. While IOM recognizes that there is diversity in both sex and gender, IOM also recognizes that sex-disaggregated data are currently the most appropriate data to collect for population groups – for example, to identify responses from female respondents in order to analyse the experiences of women and girls. However, other forms of gender data can be gathered safely, through literature review and specialized key-informant interviews, to understand and address the needs of gender-diverse populations (see IOM Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit (2024) subsection 5.5.5, for more details). IOM INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS TOOLKIT: SUMMARY9What are the minimum requirements for collecting new data? The minimum requirements for starting any new intersectional data-collection are:

1. Composition and approach: Data collectors/ facilitators communicating with women and girls are also women, and data are collected in “safe spaces”.5 A gender or GBV specialists should approve the composition of the data-collection team and the data-collection tools. Specialists on GBV, protection and other expertise, such as specialists in disability inclusion, youth and older persons, should review specific questions and approaches developed.

2. Training: Data collectors/facilitators must receive training on gender equality, intersectionality, minimizing power dynamics, ethics and conflict sensitivity, and guiding principles of protection against GBV (e.g. a survivor-centred approach) and prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) by technical experts prior to the data-collection. If the data-collection calls for engaging with specific groups such as persons with disabilities and children, specialists on these topics should provide this training.

against GBV (e.g. a survivor-centred approach) and prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) by technical experts prior to the data-collection. If the data-collection calls for engaging with specific groups such as persons with disabilities and children, specialists on these topics should provide this training.

3. Skills: Data collectors/facilitators know how to safely handle a disclosure of a GBV incident when the tool requires them to engage directly with women and girls. The data collectors/facilitators must be orientated on updated protection referral pathways in the location before commencing data-collection. 6 Data collectors/facilitators must apply respectful and age-appropriate communication skills and approaches to engage with persons with disabilities, persons of different ages, persons of diverse sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

(SOGIESC) and other diversities (request support 5 Safe spaces for data-collection create psychological safety and respectful environment among participants during a data-collection process. There are several critical components to this which include identifying and consciously minimizing unequal power dynamics, which includes ensuring data-collection is conducted in seperate gender and age groups at a minimum, and that data collectors are of the same gender, approximate age and other diversity considerations as participants. Create an inclusive space by adequately training and supervising data collectors, being respectful of people’s time and preferences for the time, location and privacy, creating clear respect for diversity, being sensitive to conflict dynamics, adapting methods for low-literacy groups, using local languages rather than English or other languages used by an elite, and ensuring that violence incident disclosures are handled sensitively and appropriately. Adapted from: Save the Children, 2014, p. 87. 6 See IOM (2023). Safely responding to incident disclosure. 7 Applying “safety as a core consideration” means that research processes must stop and be redesigned if there are any risks of causing harm to populations or personnel. This also applies throughout research design, data-collection and dissemination phases. from specialists within IOM or specialized organizations working in your area, if needed).

7 Applying “safety as a core consideration” means that research processes must stop and be redesigned if there are any risks of causing harm to populations or personnel. This also applies throughout research design, data-collection and dissemination phases. from specialists within IOM or specialized organizations working in your area, if needed).

4. Attitudes: Data collectors/facilitators are recruited based on gender-equitable and survivor-centred attitudes and perceptions when the tool requires them to engage directly with community members.

5. How do we apply research ethics?

The Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit also provides guidance on how to adhere to responsible research practices and legal requirements so that research findings are more likely to lead to long-term positive effects and contribute to transformative change in policies and procedures. T o achieve this minimizing risk and maximizing benefits is required, applying components of research ethics are crucial: • Being gender-responsive by centring diverse voices and leadership; • Ensuring inclusivity and prioritizing the well-being and rights of migrants and affected populations; • Applying the “do-no-harm” principle through risk assessment and applying safety as a core consideration; 7 • Gathering informed consent (or assent); • Maintaining data responsibility, protection and security; • Integrating conflict sensitivity; • Ensuring environmental sensitivity.There are specific considerations for data-collection with diverse and marginalized groups (see IOM Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit (2024), subsection 5.5.6, for more details). Do not design or collect primary data on gender-based violence without working with GBV specialists (see IOM Intersectional Gender Analysis T oolkit (2024), subsection 5.5.7) or regarding persons with diverse SOGIESC8 without working with protection specialists and validation from the Protection Information Management support service at IOM Headquarters. For further guidance, contact the Gender and Diversity Coordinati