Research Report Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on HIV among Uzbek migrant workers from Uzbekistan (2023–2024) (2025)-HC=1.pdf

RESEARCH

REPORT Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on HIV among Uzbek migrant workers from Uzbekistan (2023–2024)The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries.

IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well–being of migrants. _____________________________ This publication was made possible through support provided by Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and Republican Center for AIDS Prevention and Control of the Republic of Uzbekistan, under the terms of IOM. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of IOM. This study was commissioned with support from the IOM Development Fund (IDF).

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Email: iomtashkent@iom.int Internet: www.iom.int Cover photo: Seminars for health workers in local policlinics on HIV and migration

© IOM Uzbekistan 2024 Information campaigns and HIV testing in mahallas with family members of migrants in Karakalpakstan region © IOM Uzbekistan 2024 KAP survey and HIV testing among migrants in Samarkand region © IOM Uzbekistan 2023 Information campaigns among migrants at the airport of Karshi region

Information campaigns and HIV testing in mahallas with family members of migrants in Karakalpakstan region © IOM Uzbekistan 2024 KAP survey and HIV testing among migrants in Samarkand region © IOM Uzbekistan 2023 Information campaigns among migrants at the airport of Karshi region © IOM Uzbekistan 2023

Required citation: International Organization for Migration (2025). Research Report: Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on HIV among Uzbek migrant workers from

Uzbekistan (2023–2024). IOM, Tashkent.

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PUB2025/023/RRESEARCH REPORT

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE,

ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS

FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024)iii

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024) FOREWORD This study was conducted within the project “Enhancing Access to HIV Prevention and Treatment Services for Migrants and their Families in Uzbekistan” by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) jointly with the Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health of

FOREWORD This study was conducted within the project “Enhancing Access to HIV Prevention and Treatment Services for Migrants and their Families in Uzbekistan” by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) jointly with the Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, with the involvement of non–governmental organizations providing psychosocial support services to vulnerable to HIV populations groups and people living with HIV. The study should serve as a basis for the development of extensive intersectoral and multifunctional programmes for HIV prevention as well as the provision of health and social care for return migrants in Uzbekistan.

FOREWORDv

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The project implementation team expresses its gratitude to Botirjon Kurbanov, Deputy Chairperson of Committee on Sanitary–Epidemiological Welfare and Public Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan; Bakhrom Igamberdiyev, Director of the Republican AIDS Centre; Shirin Rashidova, Chairperson of NGO “Nihol”; Sergey Uchayev, Chairperson of NGO “Ishonch va hayot”; Ulugbek Majidov, Chairperson of NGO “Anti–cancer society of Uzbekistan”; Nodira Karimova, Chairperson of NGO “Istiqbolli avlod”; Zulfiya Xaydarova, Chairperson of the NGO “Yuksalish” and Charoskhon Maksudova, UNAIDS Country Director.vii

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024)

CONTENTS

CONTENTS FOREWORD iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS xiii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xv INTRODUCTION xvii

CONTENTS

CONTENTS FOREWORD iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS xiii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xv INTRODUCTION xvii

METHODOLOGY

1

STUDY RESULTS

9 Sociodemographic profile of study participants 9 Results of the analysis of the level of knowledge and behaviour of migrants before and after conducting seminars on HIV issues 20

DISCUSSION

37

CONCLUSIONS

41

RECOMMENDATIONS

43

REFERENCES

45

APPENDIX

47ix

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024)

LIST OF TABLES LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Distribution of study participants according to the developed methodology 4 Table 2. Composition of migrants participating in the study 5 Table 3. Plan of the first and second stages of the study 6 Table 4. Distribution of migrants by age and gender in first and second stages of the investigation 10 Table 5. Distribution of all migrants by level of education 11 Table 6. Distribution of all migrants by marital status 12 Table 7. Distribution of all migrants by work experience 13 Table 8. Cities and countries to which migrants are leaving most frequently, distributed by category 15 Table 9. Awareness of migrants before training of testing services offered in their home country 20 Table 10. Awareness of migrants after training about testing services offered in their home country 21 Table 11. Awareness of migrants before training of free HIV treatment services offered in their home country 22 Table 12. Awareness of migrants after training about free HIV treatment services offered in their home country 22 Table 13. Awareness of migrants before training about pre–exposure and post– exposure HIV prophylaxis services offered in their home country 23 Table 14. Awareness of migrants after training on pre–exposure and post–exposure

offered in their home country 22 Table 13. Awareness of migrants before training about pre–exposure and post– exposure HIV prophylaxis services offered in their home country 23 Table 14. Awareness of migrants after training on pre–exposure and post–exposure HIV prophylaxis services offered in their home country 24 Table 15. Awareness of migrants before training on access to HIV prevention for IDUs offered in migration 25 Table 16. Awareness of migrants after training on access to HIV prevention for IDUs offered in migration 25 Table 17. Awareness of migrants about access to reproductive health services offered in migration before training 26 Table 18. Awareness of migrants about access to reproductive health services offered in migration after training 27 Table 19. Presence of risky situations among external and internal migrants before and after training 30 Table 20. Condom use by external and internal migrants during migration 31 Table 21. Reasons for not using protection devices during sexual intercourse 32 Table 22. Presumed behavioural skills in the event of STIs in migrants 33 Table 23. Reasons why migrants do not seek medical care 34xi

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024)

LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Study design of the investigation on the study of the knowledge of the Uzbek migrants 2 Figure 2. Distribution of migrants – participants of the first stage of the study by gender, category and age groups (n=500, %) 9 Figure 3. Distribution of migrants – participants of the second stage of the study by gender, category and age groups (n=489, %) 9 Figure 4. Distribution of the salary of migrants – participants (n=500, %) 14 Figure 5. Availability of basic knowledge about HIV infection among migrants before and after the seminar (n=682, %) 17 Figure 6. Knowing the answer to the question “Can PLWH look healthy?”

9 Figure 4. Distribution of the salary of migrants – participants (n=500, %) 14 Figure 5. Availability of basic knowledge about HIV infection among migrants before and after the seminar (n=682, %) 17 Figure 6. Knowing the answer to the question “Can PLWH look healthy?” (n=682, %) 18 Figure 7. Results of a survey on possible transmission routes, number of correct answers among internal migrants (n=152, %) 18 Figure 8. Results of the survey on possible transmission routes, number of correct answers among external migrants (n=530, %) 19 Figure 9. Internal migrants' knowledge of risky behaviour, (n=152, %) 19 Figure 10. External migrants' knowledge of risky behaviour (n=530, %) 19 Figure 11. The presence of beliefs with a discriminatory or stigmatizing context in relation to PLWH (n=682, %) 28 Figure 12. Migrants' understanding of the importance of periodic HIV testing (n=682, %) 28 Figure 13. Attitude of migrants to HIV testing of pregnant women by region (external migrants – n=400, internal migrants – n=100, %) 29 Figure 14. Migrants' choice of information content for education 35 Figure 15. Choice of information method by external migrants by age category (n=400, %) 35 Figure 16. Choice of information method by internal migrants by age category (n=100, %) 36xiii

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024)

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AND ACRONYMS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ART Antiretroviral therapy CSW Commercial sex workers1 EECA Eastern Europe and Central Asia HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IBBS Integrated bio–behavioural surveillance IDUs Injecting Drug Users IOM International Organization for Migration MSM Men who have sex with men NGO Non–Governmental Organization PEP Post–exposure prophylaxis PLWH People Living with HIV PrEP Pre–exposure prophylaxis STIs Sexually Transmitted Infections

UNAIDS

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing WHO World Health Organization 1 In Russian the term would be literally translated as “Persons who provide intimate (sex) services for remuneration”.xv

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024) The Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) region, which includes Uzbekistan, has been experiencing the fastest spreading HIV epidemic globally. By 2021, the region saw a significant increase in HIV cases compared to

2010. In Uzbekistan, the number of people living with HIV (PLWH) has more than doubled since 2010. Among these, a substantial percentage are aware of their status, receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and have achieved viral suppression.

Uzbekistan is characterized by significant migration processes, with a substantial part of the population being engaged in migration for work purposes, either within the country or by going abroad. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes migrant status as a health risk factor, influenced by factors such as migration type, living conditions, stress, and access to health services in their origin, transit, and destination locations. Consequently, Uzbekistan prioritizes HIV prevention

risk factor, influenced by factors such as migration type, living conditions, stress, and access to health services in their origin, transit, and destination locations. Consequently, Uzbekistan prioritizes HIV prevention services among migrants. In this context, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) initiated a project to study HIV–related risk factors among migrants. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to HIV among Uzbek migrant workers. The methodology included two surveys conducted before and after awareness–raising activities within the project “Enhancing Access to HIV Prevention and Treatment Services for Migrants and their Families in Uzbekistan.” The study population comprised of potential and returned Uzbek migrants in five regions (Kashkadarya, Samarkand, Fergana, Tashkent provinces and the Republic of Karakalpakstan), where migrant population movements – both internally and across borders – are significant. Key findings highlight significant issues such as initial attitudes like isolation of people living with HIV (PLWH), which decreased dramatically post–training, indicating a positive shift in attitudes. Despite improvements in behaviour, gaps in knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention persisted post–training. Cultural reluctance to discuss intimate details complicates effective prevention. The baseline survey revealed high infection risks during migration, with only three per cent of migrants consistently using condoms, a figure that remained unchanged post–workshop. Additionally, 7.8 per cent did not consider condom use at all, with the primary reasons being dislike for condoms and seeing no point or simply not thinking about it. Notably, a minority of migrants reported STI symptoms, yet few sought medical help. Post–training, there was a significant increase in migrants choosing to visit polyclinics and private clinics, indicating that comprehensive education programmes can improve health–

printed materials (posters and brochures).

DISCUSSION41

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024) CONCLUSIONS The primary objective of this study was to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of Uzbek migrant workers and their family members regarding HIV, STI symptoms, and health–seeking behaviours. The study aimed to identify gaps in knowledge and highlight areas for improvement in educational and preventive programmes. Key findings reveal that a significant number of migrants initially supported the isolation of people living with HIV (PLWH) and ceased social interactions with them. However, post– training, the number of supporters of isolation decreased dramatically, indicating a positive shift in attitudes. Despite the increase in positive behaviour, gaps in knowledge about HIV transmission and risks persisted. The baseline survey indicated high infection risks during migration, with infrequent condom use in casual and commercial sex. This remained unchanged post–training, suggesting that current educational efforts do not sufficiently emphasize protective measures. Cultural reluctance to discuss intimate details further complicates effective prevention. Notably, a minority of migrants reported STI symptoms, yet few sought medical help. Post– training, there was a significant increase in migrants choosing to visit polyclinics and private clinics, indicating that comprehensive education programmes can improve health–seeking behaviours. Barriers such as lack of knowledge about available services, time constraints, and fear of deportation persist, underscoring the need for better public education on medical services. The study’s methodology improved data accuracy by modifying sensitive questions and providing more response options, reducing refusal rates and enhancing data reliability. Nevertheless, many migrants continued to avoid discussing sensitive topics, highlighting the need

or simply not thinking about it. Notably, a minority of migrants reported STI symptoms, yet few sought medical help. Post–training, there was a significant increase in migrants choosing to visit polyclinics and private clinics, indicating that comprehensive education programmes can improve health– seeking behaviours. Barriers such as lack of knowledge about available services, time constraints, and fear of deportation persist, underscoring the need for better public education on medical services. The study also identified age– specific preferences for educational methods, with

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYxvi

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024) younger migrants favouring direct conversations, social networks, school education, and printed materials, but not media and street ads. Over half of internal migrants over 50 years old preferred television programmes. Respondents aged 18–24 and 25–49 were equally open to social networks, TV programmes, and printed materials such as posters and brochures. Data accuracy improved through the study’s methodology by modifying sensitive questions and providing more response options, which reduced refusal rates and enhanced data reliability. However, many migrants continued to avoid discussing sensitive topics, highlighting the need for more targeted educational programmes. Additional educational programmes are needed to achieve full coverage and understanding, and to bridge informational gaps while addressing cultural sensitivities. This research underscores the low level of HIV–related knowledge among migrants and advocates for the development of targeted educational campaigns that address cultural sensitivities and emphasize protective measures. The findings suggest that policymakers should focus on enhancing cultural sensitivity, increasing awareness of medical services, and emphasizing the importance of protective measures in educational programmes. However, the study’s limitations include the loss

educational campaigns that address cultural sensitivities and emphasize protective measures. The findings suggest that policymakers should focus on enhancing cultural sensitivity, increasing awareness of medical services, and emphasizing the importance of protective measures in educational programmes. However, the study’s limitations include the loss of several migrants for follow–up in the second stage, and potential data distortion linked to initial refusals and avoidance of sensitive topics. Further research should explore the reasons behind these refusals and develop strategies to encourage more honest responses. Based on the study’s findings, further areas of development include enhancing cultural sensitivity in educational programmes, increasing awareness of available medical services, and emphasizing the importance of protective measures.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYxvii

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024) INTRODUCTION Understanding how HIV spreads and what makes people vulnerable to infection remains crucial, even though knowledge on the virus has been expanding over the past decades. New research directions arise with shifts in the epidemic’s course. Human mobility has significantly influenced the epidemic’s development, and migration is closely interlinked with other social determinants of health. Global data show a number of factors that increase the vulnerability of migrants to HIV infection. Migrants face multiple barriers, including issues such as irregular stay, in host countries which do not allow them to access to comprehensive health–care services. The vulnerability of migrants in terms of accessing health care in the host society is also due to factors such as language barriers, cultural differences, subjective understanding and knowledge of health and illness, racial or ethnic discrimination by service providers or the population in general. The most important risk factors are poverty, poor housing conditions, and hard, unregulated work (with no fixed

factors such as language barriers, cultural differences, subjective understanding and knowledge of health and illness, racial or ethnic discrimination by service providers or the population in general. The most important risk factors are poverty, poor housing conditions, and hard, unregulated work (with no fixed hours) with hazardous factors (Kuznetsova et al., 2013). WHO considers migrant status as a health risk factor, the impact of which may depend on the type of migration, the living conditions and stressors they face, and their access to necessary health services in the places of origin, transit and destination (WHO, 2022). The Republic of Uzbekistan is among the countries in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) region where, according to UNAIDS data published in 2022, HIV is spreading rapidly. The epidemic grew by 48 per cent from 2010 to 2021 in the region. Extensive prevention and treatment activities contributed to 63 per cent of people living with HIV (hereinafter referred to as PLWH) knowing their status, 81 per cent of those knowing their status receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 94 per cent of those receiving ART reaching undetectable viral load. In Uzbekistan, PLWH more than doubled compared to 2010 (from 25,000 to an estimated 59,000). PLWH who know their status are 77 per cent, of whom 79 per cent are on ART, and 77 per cent of those on treatment have achieved viral suppression.

(UNAIDS, 2022).

Uzbekistan is a nation characterized by highly active migration processes. Thus, in 2023, 168,700 people came back to the Republic and 181,100 people left the country (Republic of Uzbekistan, Statistical Agency, 2023). According to integrated bio–behavioural

active migration processes. Thus, in 2023, 168,700 people came back to the Republic and 181,100 people left the country (Republic of Uzbekistan, Statistical Agency, 2023). According to integrated bio–behavioural surveillance (IBBS) data from 2021 (IBBS, 2021), the main destination countries for labour migration are the Russian Federation (63.3% of migrants), Kazakhstan (27.6%), Republic of Korea (3.8%) and the Kyrgyz Republic (3.3%). Seventy–seven per cent of migrants left through irregular channels. More than half of Uzbek migrants (55.5%) have been in migration for one to three years, 38.9 per cent for up to a year. Prevalence of HIV among migrants was 1.1 per cent. Uzbekistan pays significant attention to and considers the provision of HIV prevention services for citizens with migration history (hereafter named Uzbek migrants) as one of

INTRODUCTIONxviii

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024) its priority areas. Prevention of HIV infection among migrants includes a set of measures (information, testing, drug–based preventive interventions), the main component of which should be education and information about the basics of HIV infection, ways to prevent infection and existing services in the field of preventing the spread of HIV. As part of epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection, IBBS is conducted in Uzbekistan to study HIV prevalence among groups at high risk of HIV infection. This type of study includes descriptive and cross–sectional studies of sentinel groups, including migrants. According to IBBS data, in 2021, HIV prevalence among Uzbek migrant workers averaged 1.1 per cent nationally, but the rate varies significantly by

of HIV infection. This type of study includes descriptive and cross–sectional studies of sentinel groups, including migrants. According to IBBS data, in 2021, HIV prevalence among Uzbek migrant workers averaged 1.1 per cent nationally, but the rate varies significantly by site, particularly 4.8 per cent in Samarkand and 1.7 per cent in Nukus. This figure has increased by 0.2 per cent compared to 2011. According to the Republican AIDS Centre, the average number of Uzbek migrants, who were tested for HIV annually over the past five years has been 287,000. The detection rate of HIV cases (the percentage of confirmed HIV cases among all those who underwent the appropriate test) among migrants during routine testing over the same period is less than two per cent, except 2021, when this figure was 2.1 per cent. According to the Statistical Agency on of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the total number of people who left the country in 2023 was 168,700, the number of people arrived was 181,100. The number of people who arrived from other countries was 2,955, the number of people who left the country was 17,336 (Stat.uz, 2023). However, it should be noted that the data of the statistical agency includes official data provided by the migration agency and reflects the number of people officially registered as migrants. According to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PP–14 “On measures to further strengthen the system of combating the disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus”, it is envisaged to strengthen measures to prevent the spread of HIV among the population, in particular among migrants, by organizing campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of HIV infection, protective measures and treatment options for migrants and their families. IOM, as a key organization in the field of service provision for migrants, including

HIV among the population, in particular among migrants, by organizing campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of HIV infection, protective measures and treatment options for migrants and their families. IOM, as a key organization in the field of service provision for migrants, including comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention services, initiated a project to study the situation related to risk factors among migrants in the context of the HIV epidemic. In order to fully implement the planned research, a methodology for conducting a survey to assess attitudes, knowledge and practices on HIV/AIDS among migrants returning from migration, potential migrants and their family members in urban and rural areas in five regions of Uzbekistan has been developed. The methodology includes the goal of the study: to provide objective information that will enable the development of effective policies and implementation of HIV programmes targeting migrants and their families, with a focus on rural populations, taking into account gender issues.

Research objectives: • Assess the basic level of awareness of migrants on HIV and AIDS issues

(basic knowledge, knowledge of services provided in the home and host countries) and receive feedback.

INTRODUCTIONxix

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024) • Assess behavioural determinants in the context of HIV/AIDS (risky sexual behaviour, drug use and excessive alcohol consumption) and attitudes towards PLWH (the presence of stigmatizing beliefs). • Conduct training seminars on HIV/AIDS for migrants and their family members. • To examine progress in changing knowledge and behaviour following training workshops. • Conduct an analysis of the effectiveness of the activities carried out among migrants based on the results of a two– stage study.

INTRODUCTION1

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

knowledge and behaviour following training workshops. • Conduct an analysis of the effectiveness of the activities carried out among migrants based on the results of a two– stage study.

INTRODUCTION1

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024) METHODOLOGY Between February 2023 and September 2024, a cross–sectional study among return migrants, citizens of Uzbekistan, was conducted within the project “Enhancing access to HIV prevention and treatment services for migrants and their families in Uzbekistan”. Five regions of Uzbekistan, representative in terms of geographical, environmental and demographic parameters, were selected: Kashkadarya, Samarkand, Fergana, Tashkent provinces and the Republic of Karakalpakstan. This selection was based on geographical location (south, north, most remote and closest to the capital), population density, and HIV prevalence rates according to sentinel surveillance data. Study design METHODOLOGY Seminars for health workers in local policlinics on HIV and migration © IOM Uzbekistan 20242

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON HIV

AMONG UZBEK MIGRANT WORKERS FROM UZBEKISTAN (2023–2024) METHODOLOGY Figure 1. Study design of the investigation on the study of the knowledge of Uzbek migrants CREATION METHODOLOGY AND QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE INVESTIGATION (5 AUGUST – 5 SEPTEMBER) Selection of sites, conducting focus–groups, mapping, selection respondents of the investigation (5 September – 25 September) External migrants (n=400) Internal migrants (n=100) Kashkadarya region Internal migrants (n=20) External migrants (n=80) Samarkand region Internal migrants (n=20) External migrants (n=80) Republic of Karakalpakstan Internal migrants (n=20)

Kashkadarya region Internal migrants (n=20) External migrants (n=80) Samarkand region Internal migrants (n=20) External migrants (n=80) Republic of Karakalpakstan Internal migrants (n=20) External migrants (n=80) Tashkent region Internal migrants (n=20) External