WADA - Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRVs) Report Q&A

World Anti-Doping Agency

Q&A – 2022 ADRV Report July 2025ADRV Report 2022 – Q&A Page 1/6

1. WHAT IS AN ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATION (ADRV)?

When an Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel commits a doping offence, it is known as an ADRV. Certain consequences or sanctions apply to the Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel who commits an ADRV.

2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ADRVs?

There are a number of different types of ADRVs which are defined in Article 2 of the World Anti -Doping Code (Code). The 2022 ADRV Report is based on the types of ADRVs listed in the 2021 Code which are as follows: ‒ Article 2.1 – Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or markers in an Athlete’s Sample

‒ Article 2.2 – Use or attempted use by an Athlete of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method

‒ Article 2.3 – Evading, refusing or failing to submit to Sample collection by an Athlete

‒ Article 2.4 – Whereabouts failures (any combination of three missed tests and/or filing failures within a 12-month period by an Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool)

‒ Article 2.5 – Tampering or attempted Tampering with any part of doping control by an Athlete or other Person

‒ Article 2.6 – Possession of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method by an Athlete or other Person

‒ Article 2.7 – Trafficking or attempted Trafficking in any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method by an Athlete or other Person

‒ Article 2.8 – Administration or attempted Administration by an Athlete or other Person to any Athlete InCompetition of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or administration or attempted administration to any Athlete Out-of-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or

Athlete or other Person

‒ Article 2.8 – Administration or attempted Administration by an Athlete or other Person to any Athlete InCompetition of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or administration or attempted administration to any Athlete Out-of-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method that is Prohibited Out-of-Competition.

‒ Article 2.9 – Complicity or attempted Complicity by an Athlete or other Person

‒ Article 2.10 – Prohibited Association by an Athlete or other Person

‒ Article 2.11 – Acts by an Athlete or other Person to discourage or retaliate against reporting to authorities

3. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ANALYTICAL ADRV

AND A NON-ANALYTICAL ADRV?

An Analytical ADRV refers to a violation of Code Article 2.1 and is based on an Adverse Analytical Finding (AAF) (otherwise known as a positive result), which indicates the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolite(s) or of marker(s) of the use of a Prohibited Substance in a urine and/or blood Sample collectedADRV Report 2022 – Q&A Page 2/6

from an Athlete and analyzed by a WADA-accredited Laboratory.

A Non-Analytical ADRV is a case in which an Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel (coach, trainer, manager, agent, medical staff, parent, etc.) commits another type of ADRV that does not (typically) involve the detection of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method in a urine or blood Sample from Athletes, as outlined in Code Articles 2.2 to 2.11. Athlete Biological Passport cases are considered as Non -Analytical cases pursuant to Code Article 2.2.

4. WHAT FIGURES ARE INCLUDED IN THE 2022 ADRV REPORT?

The 2022 ADRV Report consists of four main categories: • An Introduction and an Executive Summary which give an overview and highlight the key

Code Article 2.2.

4. WHAT FIGURES ARE INCLUDED IN THE 2022 ADRV REPORT?

The 2022 ADRV Report consists of four main categories: • An Introduction and an Executive Summary which give an overview and highlight the key observations of the 2021 ADRV report. • Sections 1 and 2 present the Results Management outcomes (including ADRVs) of all AAFs detected by WADA -accredited Laboratories for Samples collected from Athletes in - and Out-ofCompetition and reported into ADAMS in 2022. They are presented by sport, discipline (Section 1) and testing authority (Section 2). • Section 3 indicates the total number of analytical ADRVs in 2022. The data are presented by sport and nationality. The information is further broken down into: (1) Sample type (urine or blood), (2) type of test (inor out-of-competition), and (3) Athlete gender. • Section 4 includes ADRVs that resulted from non-analytical findings involving Athletes (presented by sport and nationality) and Athlete Support Personnel (presented by nationality).

5. HOW DOES THIS REPORT DIFFER FROM THE 2022 ANTIDOPING TESTING FIGURES REPORT?

The 2022 Anti-Doping Testing Figures Report is a compilation of the analysis results from Athlete urine and blood Samples as reported by WADA-accredited Laboratories.

The ADRVs Report provides information regarding all ADRVs, which includes the Results Management outcomes of AAFs reported by WADA -accredited Laboratories in ADAMS as well as ADRVs that resulted from non-analytical findings.

6. WHERE DOES THE DATA FOR THIS REPORT COME FROM?

The data on urine and blood Samples analyzed and the resulting AAFs are taken from WADA’s 2022 Testing Figures Report (published in April 2024). The results for all Samples were submitted by WADA -accredited

6. WHERE DOES THE DATA FOR THIS REPORT COME FROM?

The data on urine and blood Samples analyzed and the resulting AAFs are taken from WADA’s 2022 Testing Figures Report (published in April 2024). The results for all Samples were submitted by WADA -accredited Laboratories directly into the Anti -Doping Administration and Management System ( ADAMS), WADA’s centralized online database.

Aggregated data on the outcomes of AAFs, as well as all the data relating to non-analytical findings (caseADRV Report 2022 – Q&A Page 3/6

decisions) were compiled by WADA based on decisions provided by Anti-Doping Organizations (ADOs).

7. WHAT PERIOD DOES THE ADRVs REPORT COVER?

The AAFs featured in the 2022 ADRVs Report correspond to the analysis of Samples collected between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022.

The ADRVs that resulted from non-analytical ADRVs refer to cases that were concluded in 2022. These figures may include violations that were initially pursued prior to 2022 and, may not include violations that occurred in 2022 yet as they were not closed in the same year.

8. HOW SHOULD THE ADRVs REPORT BE INTERPRETED?

This Report offers the most comprehensive set of global statistics on doping offences in 2022 broken down by sport, testing authority and nationality. The Report provides the outcomes of cases reported as AAFs and includes those that resulted in an ADRV being asserted (subject to any cases that remain pending). The Report also includes non-analytical ADRVs.

The data in the Report are provided by Code Signatories and reviewed by WADA. Further, in accordance with the requirements of the 2021 Code (Article 14.4), it is WADA’s mandate to report the data. It should be noted that any interpretation of the data should be undertaken with caution as many contributing factors must be taken into account when attempting to interpret the data regarding sports, Testing and Results

with the requirements of the 2021 Code (Article 14.4), it is WADA’s mandate to report the data. It should be noted that any interpretation of the data should be undertaken with caution as many contributing factors must be taken into account when attempting to interpret the data regarding sports, Testing and Results Management authorities and nationalities. This caution applies to this Report as well as to the Testing Figures Report.

WADA is committed to further enhancing the statistical reports by providing the anti-doping community with more transparent and accurate data of the testing and investigation activities worldwide.

9. WHY IS THERE SUCH A LARGE GAP BETWEEN THE NUMBER

OF ADRVs FOR IN-COMPETITION AS OPPOSED TO OUT-OFCOMPETITION ADRVs?

The In-Competition menu contains more drug classes and therefore more Prohibited Substances subject to detection compared to the Out-of-Competition menu. In 2022, 1,451 AAFs were reported from In-Competition and 528 AAFs from out-of-competition. Subsequently more ADRVs are recorded from In-Competition (1,013) than from Out-of-Competition (363).

10. WHY ARE THERE STILL AAF CASES PENDING FROM 2022?

Cases classified as pending are those cases where the Results Management Authority (RMA) has not yet provided all the documentation necessary to allow WADA to validate the case decision. Examples of missing documentation include:ADRV Report 2022 – Q&A Page 4/6

• The reasoned decision explaining the outcome of the case. • The Athlete’s identification information or any other relevant information about the case.

A number of cases may also be pending due to the complexity of the case. Consequently, disciplinary proceedings may still be ongoing.

11. WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CASES THAT ARE STILL

PENDING?

It is the responsibility of the RMA to manage the test results and to render a decision for all AAF cases. In

proceedings may still be ongoing.

11. WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CASES THAT ARE STILL

PENDING?

It is the responsibility of the RMA to manage the test results and to render a decision for all AAF cases. In the majority of cases, the RMA is also the Testing Authority (TA), which is the organization that authorized the collection of the Sample.

In a small number of cases, the TA is not the RMA and therefore is not responsible for the outcome of a pending case. Another organization such as an International Federation (IF) or National Anti -Doping Organization (NADO) may be the RMA and is therefore responsible for rendering a decision in a particular case.

WADA continues to follow up with the relevant RMAs to remind them to complete their outstanding Results Management procedures as soon as possible and to provide WADA with the final, reasoned decision. Timely completion of Results Management processes is a requirement for maintaining compliance with the Code. Not pursuing Results Management for a potential doping case or a failure to provide the final written decision to WADA and the applicable NADO or IF may result in the matter being raised with WADA’s independent Compliance Review Committee, which is responsible for making recommendations of non -compliance to WADA’s Executive Committee.

12. IS THERE A SPECIFIC TIME FRAME IN WHICH CASES SHOULD

BE FINALIZED BY THE RESULTS MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY?

The Code requires that cases are dealt with in a timely, fair and impartial manner. Sufficient time must be provided for each party to prepare and present their case to the appointed disciplinary body. As outlined in the International Standard for Results Management : Irrespective of the type of anti -doping rule violation involved, and save for cases involving complex issues or delays not in the control of the Anti -Doping Organization (e.g., delays attributable to the Athlete or other Person), Anti -Doping Organizations should be able to conclude Results Management (including the Hearing Process at first instance) within six (6) months from the notification as per Article 5 below.

Organization (e.g., delays attributable to the Athlete or other Person), Anti -Doping Organizations should be able to conclude Results Management (including the Hearing Process at first instance) within six (6) months from the notification as per Article 5 below.

Some cases are more complex than others and may therefore require additional time. Also, cases may be appealed after the first instance hearing, which then takes additional time for the case to be finalized and for a written decision to be published and submitted to WADA.ADRV Report 2022 – Q&A Page 5/6

13. WHY ARE THE DETAILS OF THE SANCTIONS (FOR EXAMPLE

THE PERIODS OF INELIGIBILITY) NOT INCLUDED IN THIS

REPORT?

Every individual case is different and is assessed by the relevant RMA based on the specific facts and circumstances. Publishing the sanction details for every single case without the reasoning and context behind the decision could lead to misinterpretation of the information.

Request for further detail about a specific case should be directed to the applicable ADO with Results Management authority.

14. IS THERE A REQUIREMENT FOR ANTI -DOPING

ORGANIZATIONS TO PUBLISH ALL ADRVs UNDER THEIR

JURISDICTION?

Yes, with very limited exceptions, ADOs are mandated under the Code to publish all ADRVs from their doping control activities ( Articles 10.1 5 and 14.3.2 ). Furthermore, all ADOs must also notify WADA and the applicable IF and/or NADO of the decision in all cases, including non-analytical cases and any investigations conducted (Article 14.2). A failure to do so could result in non-compliance with the Code.

15. DOES WADA REVIEW EVERY CASE DECISION IT RECEIVES?

Yes, WADA reviews every single decision provided to its Legal Department by RMAs and has the right to appeal any decision deemed to be non -compliant with the Code to either the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) or national level reviewing bodies.

Yes, WADA reviews every single decision provided to its Legal Department by RMAs and has the right to appeal any decision deemed to be non -compliant with the Code to either the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) or national level reviewing bodies.

16. IN THE NON -ANALYTICAL ADRV SECTION, WHY IS THERE A

DIFFERENCE IN THE NUMBER OF VIOLATION CASES AND THE

NUMBER BY TYPE OF VIOLATIONS?

A total of 273 individuals (242 Athletes and 31 Athlete Support Personnel) were reported to have committed one or more non-analytical ADRVs based on the decisions dated 2022.

In certain cases, the Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel may have been charged with more than one nonanalytical ADRV. For example, an Athlete could be charged with Article 2.6 (possession), Article 2.7 (trafficking) and Article 2.8 (administration) ADRVs. Such cases are calculated as single occurrences for each type of violation however all relate to only one Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel. Therefore, a total of 276 non-analytical violations were committed in 2022 by 273 individuals.ADRV Report 2022 – Q&A Page 6/6

17. IN THE NON -ANALYTICAL ADRV SECTION, WHY ARE THE

ATHLETE SUPPORT PERSONNEL CASES NOT CLASSIFIED BY

SPORT?

The Code defines the term “Athlete Support Personnel” as “any coach, trainer, manager, agent, and team staff, official, medical, paramedical personnel, parent or any other Person working with, treating or assisting an Athlete participating in or preparing for sports Competition”. As such, an Athlete Support Personnel can be involved in more than one sport.

18. WHY WAS THERE A DELAY IN PUBLISHING THE 202 2 ADRV

REPORT?

The results management process can take a long time. This process includes a number of steps, beginning

be involved in more than one sport.

18. WHY WAS THERE A DELAY IN PUBLISHING THE 202 2 ADRV

REPORT?

The results management process can take a long time. This process includes a number of steps, beginning with the reporting of an AAF. This is followed by an assertion of a potential analytical or non -analytical violation and investigation, decision, potential appeal and the publication of the decision.

The 2022 ADRV report in particular was also delayed due to data from WADA’s previous results management system (called LRM) being migrated into a new system (called RMC).

WADA’s internal systems have now been optimized to assist WADA’s Legal Affairs department with its results management work, which means that, going forward, the ADRV reports will be produced earlier that they have been in the past.