WADA - Paris 2024 Olympic Games Independent Observer Report

Report of the 2024 Summer Olympic Games Paris, France INDEPENDENT OBSERVERSParis 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 2 of 80 Table of Contents 1.0 Acknowledgement ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 4 2.0 Acronyms and abbreviations ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 5 3.0 Executive Summary ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 7 4.0 WADA Independent Observer Program Paris Games and IO Team Composition ........................ 9 5.0 Independent Observer Team Composition ................................ ................................ ................. 11 6.0 Overview and Operating Environment ................................ ................................ ........................ 12 7.0 Pre-Games Testing ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 13 8.0 Education ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 15 9.0 Therapeutic Use Exemptions ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 16 10.0 Intelligence ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 17 11.0 Technology ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 19 12.0 Risk Assessment ................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 19 13.0 Test Distribution Plan and Delivery ................................ ................................ ........................ 20 13.1 Analysis................................................................................................................ 20 13.2 Athlete Biological Passport Program .................................................................... 20 13.3 Out-of-Competition Testing .................................................................................. 21 13.4 Whereabouts System ........................................................................................... 22 13.5 In-Competition ...................................................................................................... 24 13.6 Test Numbers ...................................................................................................... 24 14.0 Sample Collection Personnel ................................ ................................ ................................ . 26 14.1 Roles and responsibilities .................................................................................... 26 14.2 Hotline .................................................................................................................. 28 14.3 Doping Control Officer Recruitment ..................................................................... 29 14.4 Doping Control Officer Agreement and Remuneration ......................................... 30 14.5 Doping Control Officer Training ............................................................................ 30 14.6 Doping Control Station Managers and Chaperone Coordinators ......................... 31 14.7 DCO Assignment ................................................................................................. 32 14.8 DCO and Chaperone Communication ................................................................. 33 14.9 Doping Control Officer Uniforms .......................................................................... 33 14.10 Doping Control Officer Scheduling.................................................................... 34

14.7 DCO Assignment ................................................................................................. 32 14.8 DCO and Chaperone Communication ................................................................. 33 14.9 Doping Control Officer Uniforms .......................................................................... 33 14.10 Doping Control Officer Scheduling.................................................................... 34 14.11 Doping Control Officer Accommodations .......................................................... 34 14.12 Transportation .................................................................................................. 35 14.13 Meals and Beverages ....................................................................................... 35 14.14 Chaperone Recruitment .................................................................................... 36 14.15 Chaperone Training .......................................................................................... 36 14.16 Chaperone Assignment .................................................................................... 37Paris 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 3 of 80 14.17 Chaperone Uniforms and Accreditation ............................................................ 39 15.0 Sample Collection Sessions ................................ ................................ ................................ .. 40 15.1 Doping Control Stations ....................................................................................... 40 15.2 Processing Rooms ............................................................................................... 41 16.0 Notification and Chaperoning ................................ ................................ ................................ . 42 16.1 Out-of-Competition ............................................................................................... 43 16.2 In-Competition ...................................................................................................... 43 16.3 Chaperoning ........................................................................................................ 45 17.0 Reporting to the Doping Control Station ................................ ................................ ................. 46 18.0 Sample Collection Procedures ................................ ................................ ............................... 46 19.0 Post Sample Collection, Security, Transport and Chain of Custody ................................ ....... 48 20.0 Laboratory operations ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 49 20.1 Anti-Doping Hub ................................................................................................... 49 20.2 Paris Laboratory Activities.................................................................................... 52 21.0 Results Management ................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 60 22.0 Appendices ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 62 22.1 List of Recommendations .................................................................................... 62 22.2 Testing Figures .................................................................................................... 75Paris 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 4 of 80 1.0 Acknowledgement The preparation and logistics of bringing the WADA Independent Observer Team ( IO Team) members together and providing everything from travel, accommodation, technical documents, accreditation, and

22.2 Testing Figures .................................................................................................... 75Paris 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 4 of 80 1.0 Acknowledgement The preparation and logistics of bringing the WADA Independent Observer Team ( IO Team) members together and providing everything from travel, accommodation, technical documents, accreditation, and support is a large and often thankless task. All IO Team members greatly appreciate the support and hard work of all the WADA team members who helped to physically get us on the ground in Paris. We would also like to acknowledge and thank the WADA staff and WADA IO Team members who performed an enormous task on the ground, often while managing their regular duties. Special thanks go to Dan-Thanh Tran (IO Vice-Chair) and Françoise Dagouret (IO Team Manager), who were instrumental in the success of the program for Paris. They went above and beyond in their roles, providing the highest level of support to the rest of the team. Their individual contributions deserve to be noted and acknowledged. The entire teams from the I nternational Testing Agency (I TA) and Agence française de lutte contre le dopage ( AFLD) were consistently professional and greatly assisted the IO Team. This included pregames briefings, in -games meetings, information sharing, and on -the-ground support during sample collection missions. At all times, the staff were welcoming and accommodating towards the IO Team. It is challenging to accommodate an audit -style program and answer questions while delivering the operational anti -doping program for the Games. We thank both the ITA and AFLD for their professionalism and support in providing a collaborative environment and their openness in sharing information with the IO Team. The IO Team would also like to extend our gratitude to the Paris 2024 staff, IOC team members, staff from the WADA accredited laboratory, and the Court of Arbitration in Sport (CAS) who assisted us in performing our functions for the Paris Games. We were pleased to work with Dr. Richard Budgett, IOC Medical Director, in what is his last Games in his current role.

from the WADA accredited laboratory, and the Court of Arbitration in Sport (CAS) who assisted us in performing our functions for the Paris Games. We were pleased to work with Dr. Richard Budgett, IOC Medical Director, in what is his last Games in his current role. The volunteer chaperones were a delight to work with. The enthusiasm and pride of many chaperones , particularly the local ones, helped to lift everyone during the long hours working in Doping Control Stations (DCS). We hope that they enjoyed their time working in anti-doping and thank all of them for their efforts. The anti -doping rules are technical and detailed. No sample collection is rarely the same and the success of the entire program hinges on the work of the DCOs. The DCOs were a group of international experts in their field. They perform under pressure and are the real heroes of the anti -doping program. We understand that it is difficult to have WADA IO Team members watching your every move during sample collection sessions. We were honoured to have worked so closely with all of you. Your professionalism, attention to detail and dedication to delivering the largest part of the anti-doping program needs special mention. These team members work incredibly long hours, often have to wait for transport to get back to their hotels at all hours of the evening/morning, deal with every kind of logistical issue imaginable, and are generally tired, thirsty and hungry. Continually t hrough the Paris Games we witnessed your professionalism and dedication. You all did such a great job in protecting the integrity of the sample collection processes. Thank you all for doing an outstanding job, for your sense of humour and your incredible dedication and hard work. Lastly, but certainly not least , are the group of people who are the reason that we do what we do : the athletes of the Paris Games. We witnessed elation and heartbreak in equal measure. Despite the annoyance of having to interrupt your training, plans or post-event celebrations to sit in a DCS waiting room, you treated the anti-doping staff and IO Team members with grace and generosity. We thank you

athletes of the Paris Games. We witnessed elation and heartbreak in equal measure. Despite the annoyance of having to interrupt your training, plans or post-event celebrations to sit in a DCS waiting room, you treated the anti-doping staff and IO Team members with grace and generosity. We thank you for your part in protecting the integrity of sport and ensuring the anti-doping program could be delivered.Paris 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 5 of 80 2.0 Acronyms and abbreviations Full Name Acronym/Abbreviation Adverse Analytical Finding AAF Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage AFLD Anti-Doping Administration & Management System ADAMS Anti-Doping Hub ADH Anti-Doping Organization ADO Anti-Doping Rule Violation ADRV Athlete Biological Passport ABP Athlete Passport Management Unit APMU Atypical Finding ATF Blood Collection Officer BCO Chain of Custody CoC Chief Medical Officer CMO Court of Arbitration for Sport’s Ad Hoc Division CAS Ad Hoc Division Court of Arbitration for Sport’s Anti-Doping Division CAS ADD Delegated Third Party DTP Doping Control Command Center DCCC Doping Control Form DCF Doping Control Officer DCO Doping Control Station DCS Doping Control Station Manager DCSM Dried Blood Spot DBS Erythropoietin receptor agonists ERAs External Quality Assessment Scheme EQAS Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone GnRH Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone GHRH Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides GHRP Growth Hormone Secretagogues GHS Haemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers HBOCs Hypoxia-inducible factors HIFs Independent Observer Team IO Team Insulin-like Growth Factor-I IGF-I Intelligence and Investigations I&I Intelligence Collection Plan ICP Intelligence Task Force ITF

Haemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers HBOCs Hypoxia-inducible factors HIFs Independent Observer Team IO Team Insulin-like Growth Factor-I IGF-I Intelligence and Investigations I&I Intelligence Collection Plan ICP Intelligence Task Force ITF International Doping Control Officer IDCO International Federation IFParis 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 6 of 80 Full Name Acronym/Abbreviation International Olympic Committee IOC International Standard for Education ISE International Standard for Laboratories ISL International Standard for Results Management ISRM International Standard for Testing and Investigations ISTI International Testing Agency ITA International Testing Agency's data management system PASS International Testing Agency's reporting platform REVEAL International Testing Agency's anti-doping communication platform ADCOM IOC Anti-Doping Rules applicable to the XXXIII Olympiad Paris 2024 IOC ADR Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ISRM Laboratoire AntiDopage Français LADF Laboratory Information Management System LIMS Local Organizing Committee LOC Major Events Organization MEO National Anti-Doping Organization NADO National Olympic Committee NOC Olympic Broadcasting Services OBS Olympic Summer Games Paris 2024 Paris Games Paris Organising Committee for the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games (COJOP2024) Paris 2024 Personal Protection Equipment PPE Registered Testing Pool RTP Results Management Authority RMA Sport Specific Protocol SSP Test Distribution Plan TDP Testing Pool TP Therapeutic Use Exemption TUE Therapeutic Use Exemption Committee TUEC Word Anti-Doping Code Code World Anti-Doping Agency WADAParis 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 7 of 80 3.0 Executive Summary The IO Team's primary role was to conduct an audit-style review of the anti-doping program for the Paris Games. An anti-doping program of this scale presents numerous moving parts, making it a significant

3.0 Executive Summary The IO Team's primary role was to conduct an audit-style review of the anti-doping program for the Paris Games. An anti-doping program of this scale presents numerous moving parts, making it a significant logistical and technical challenge. Crucially, in r ecognition of the paramount importance of the athlete experience, the IO Team included an athlete representative from the WADA Athlete Council. This ensured the athlete's unique perspective was integrated directly into our assessment and recommendations. While the IO Team has provided many recommendations in this report (many of a technical nature), it would be wrong to think that we were not impressed overall with the quality of the anti -doping program and the efforts of all individuals connected with the program. From the perspective of an athlete who has personally undergone multiple doping control sessions, every recommendation within this summary and report directly or indirectly shapes the athlete experience at major Games. It is therefore important for both the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) and the Major Event Organization (MEO) to thoroughly review all recommendations, keeping the athlete experience at the forefront of their considerations. Every decision and policy directly impacts the athletes, who are at the heart of any major sporting event. By prioritizing their needs and perspectives, the LOC and MEO can ensure a more seamless, fair, and ultimately successful Games for everyone involved. To ensure the anti -doping program receives the necessary support and clear direction, these recommendations, along with their associated timelines, need to be embedded within the Olympic Requirements (ORs)/Host City Agreement and/or the anti -doping or other policies for the Games. This means existing policies, such as the accreditation policy for various functional areas, must be updated to explicitly include sample collection personnel like DCCC staff, Dopi ng Control Officers (DCOs), Blood Collection Officers (BCOs) and chaperones and ensure that the various roles have the required access to undertake their work in accordance with the International Standards i.e. access to all athlete areas so that notificat ion and chaperoning of the athletes can occur uninterrupted. Similarly, if the Games

Collection Officers (BCOs) and chaperones and ensure that the various roles have the required access to undertake their work in accordance with the International Standards i.e. access to all athlete areas so that notificat ion and chaperoning of the athletes can occur uninterrupted. Similarly, if the Games Technical Officials policy outlines which functional area roles are included it should include DCOs and BCOs at a minimum, as raised in previous IO reports, including as “LOC Recommendation no.6” in the IO Report for the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020. Even minor but important details, such as the uniform policy for functional areas, need to clearly specify what DCOs and BCOs receive – perhaps aligning with the Technical Officia ls policy to ensure consistency and proper recognition. Implementing such clear, updated policies will go a long way in ensuring the anti -doping program has what it needs to function effectively. While it is the primary responsibility of the MEO and OC to ensure thorough planning, the athlete representative also recommends that WADA continue to be available to provide assistance on the planning process for the Games, if and when initial planning efforts encounter significant challenges. This assistance could be particularly valuable to the OC by highlighting the necessary scale and complexity of a robust anti-doping program and the various requirements including those that may be a mandatory requirement under the World Anti -Doping Code or International Standards. Such collaboration with the OC, the MEO and any delegated third party such as the ITA would assist in many potential issues to be resolved before the event even begins, rather than requiring reactive troubleshooting during the Games themselves. There are several key themes to our recommendations, and these are outlined below for convenience.Paris 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 8 of 80

I. Planning and Logistics The planning of an Olympic Games is understandably demanding. With the pressure to build and fit out venues, security, transportation and other major issues it is easy to forget the requirements of an anti-doping program. How many toilets do I need for athletes? What do you mean at least two people

I. Planning and Logistics The planning of an Olympic Games is understandably demanding. With the pressure to build and fit out venues, security, transportation and other major issues it is easy to forget the requirements of an anti-doping program. How many toilets do I need for athletes? What do you mean at least two people need to fit into a cubicle? Why does a DCS need freezers? Does an athlete really need to be followed through a mixed zone by a person who can’t be captured on the broadcast? These are but a few of the questions that anti-doping co-ordinators face on a regular basis.

During the Paris Games the IO Team observed frequent issues with the location and efficiency of notification zones within venues. This was sometimes caused by sport specific protocols being observed that hindered athlete flows and effective notification of athletes. The earlier the planning for the anti -doping program (including the recruitment of key staff with an appropriate level of anti -doping experience and influence within a local organizing committee ), the more likely logistical issues can be ‘ironed out’ in advance. The IO Team note that key staff in Paris 2024 were hired (in our view) later in the process and despite their dedication and determination the anti-doping program experienced too many logistical issues. These logistical issues make the jobs of sample collection personnel significantly more difficult. At worst, they can jeopardize the careers of athletes if the processes can not be completed properly. Having anti-doping expertise embedded in a local organizing committee early can facilitate key planning decisions and protocols that affect the antidoping program, to be in place and operate smoothly. The athletes deserve this kind of meticulous organization, as they would prefer to be celebrating their achievements than sitting in Doping Control for a minute longer than they have to. Again, these comments should not detract from the efforts of the Paris 2024 staff who did their best under the circumstances.

II. Doping Control Officers The success or failure of an anti-doping program can come down to the group of individuals who are required, amongst other things, to oversee testing missions, run a DCS and oversee the collection of

the Paris 2024 staff who did their best under the circumstances.

II. Doping Control Officers The success or failure of an anti-doping program can come down to the group of individuals who are required, amongst other things, to oversee testing missions, run a DCS and oversee the collection of samples from athletes. At the Paris Games, the IO Team’s views are that the treatment of these technical experts in terms of logistics and planning had a negative impact on the morale and performance of these critical staff (many of whom were flown from all over the world in recognition of their unique skillset). Issues with pay, conditions and allowances, a lack of uniform, lack of availability of food and/or drink can seriously jeopardize the implementation of a successful anti-doping program.

DCOs are at the coalface and can impact positively or negatively on the athlete experience during the Games. They have a raft of technical rules to follow and varying challenges in the field to manage which includes the many athletes who have to sit in doping control despondent, sometimes alone and devastated as a result of their performance, while some of their competitors are also in the same room elated at winning a medal. At its most simple, the athlete’s confidence in the system depends entirely on these staff being fresh and competent. The IO Team’s strong recommendation is to treat these key staff like any other ‘technical official’ for the Games. Provide them with basic food and drink (and the actual ability to access these services), transport to and from venues including late at night/early mornings, a uniform and the chances of a successful program are greatly increased.

III. Laboratories and the Analysis of Samples In general terms, the IO Team were very impressed with logistics surrounding the laboratory and the handling of samples. The implementation of the anti-doping hub (ADH) and the transport of collected samples generally worked very well and was efficient.Paris 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 9 of 80

There are improvements that can be made in the planning and communication of workload and the forwarding of pertinent information from the DCFs to better allow the laboratory to do its important

samples generally worked very well and was efficient.Paris 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 9 of 80 There are improvements that can be made in the planning and communication of workload and the forwarding of pertinent information from the DCFs to better allow the laboratory to do its important work. It will never be perfect (for example, a good program should have the ability to adapt to last minute sample collections based on intelligence and there will always be unexpected and unscheduled ‘national and world record’ sample collections). In the IO Team’s view, there are also improvements that can be made in the logistics between the laboratory and sample collection areas of the anti-doping program.

IV. The International Testing Agency Generally, the IO Team was impressed with the dedication and professionalism shown by the International Testing Agency (ITA) and its staff. There were many sample collection sessions where the presence of ITA dedicated staff was critical to the successful implementation of the anti -doping program.

The IO Team is of the view that the ITA can still further leverage the skills and expertise from other areas, such as ADO expertise that was brought in to assist with the Games. There were occasional ‘bottlenecks’ in processes that could have been alleviated with more reliance on the unique and impressive expertise that the ITA had brought together for the Paris Games. Whilst, the anti -doping program itself was very good, a critical analysis of the program in a post operational assessment style review would help to highlight further areas of improvement and key learnings for the delivery of the ITA’s component of the program.

V. Volunteer Staffing It is perhaps inevitable that to deliver an anti -doping program of the size of the Paris Games, local organizing committees must recruit and rely on a large volunteer workforce to act as ‘chaperones’ during doping control missions.

Despite often valiant attempts, the IO Team is of the view that there were too many issues regarding insufficient numbers of chaperones or those that were appointed who were unsuitable for the role. Specifically, too few numbers of total chaperones were available , there were issues caused by

during doping control missions. Despite often valiant attempts, the IO Team is of the view that there were too many issues regarding insufficient numbers of chaperones or those that were appointed who were unsuitable for the role. Specifically, too few numbers of total chaperones were available , there were issues caused by volunteers not turning up for shifts or an incorrect gender mix of chaperones being sent to venues. Issues of limited accreditation hindered a fast response and ability to re -task chaperones between different competition venues. The anti-doping program in the future could benefit from greater face to face and role playing training and education for these volunteers immediately before the commencement of the Games. In addition, a more thorough training program for ‘chaperone co -ordinators’ could greatly assist the individuals performing this useful role and better enable the co-ordination of the volunteer workforce at venues. Lastly, to engage and keep the volunteer workforce throughout the period of the Games, consideration could be given to an incentive style program (for example where volunteers receive a Games specific gift e.g. a pin after completing their assigned shifts at the conclusion of the Games). 4.0 WADA Independent Observer Program Paris Games and IO Team Composition At the invitation of the IOC, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) appointed an IO Team to attend the XXXIII Olympiad Paris 2024. Originally launched at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, the IO program was established to enhance athlete and public confidence at major sporting events by monitoring and reporting on all phases of the doping control and results management processes in an objective manner. Over time, the IO program has evolved to meet the needs and demands of organizations responsible for delivering major events.Paris 2024 Olympic Games IO Report 10 of 80 For this edition of the Games, an audit -style approach was adopted. The IO Team , through its observations, assessed whether procedures were in line with the World Anti-Doping Code (Code) and relevant International Standards and provided onsite advice and recommendations to the relevant organizations involved in the delivery of the doping control program.

For this edition of the Games, an audit -style approach was adopted. The IO Team , through its observations, assessed whether procedures were in line with the World Anti-Doping Code (Code) and relevant International Standards and provided onsite advice and recommendations to the relevant organizations involved in the delivery of the doping control program. For the Paris Games, the IOC and WADA agreed that the IO Team would observe all aspects of doping control including, in particular: • Test Distribution Planning (TDP); • Selection of competitors; • Provision of whereabouts; • Training of sample collection personnel; • Implementation of the in-competition (IC) and out-of-competition (OOC) testing program; • Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) procedure; • Athlete notification and sample collection procedures; • Transport and chain of custody of samples; • Sample receipt, preparation, analy