ACNUR - Global Trends - Forced Displacement in 2024

GLOBAL

TRENDS

FORCED

DISPLACEMENT

IN 20242

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

73.5 million internally displaced people 5 8.4 million asylum-seekers 5.9 million other people in need of international protection/uni00B2 31 m illion r e f u g e e s u n d e r U N H C R ’s m a n d a t e 4 5.9 m illion P a l e s t ine r e f u g e e s u n d e r U N R W A ’s m a n d a t e/uni00B3 0 20M 40M 60M 80M 100M 120M 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Trends at a Glance at the end of 2024 as a result of persecution, confl ict, violence, human rights violations or events seriously disturbing public order.

123.2 MILLION

FORCIBLY DISPLACED WORLDWIDE

1

3.1 MILLION

NEW CLAIMS The United States of America 9 was the world’s largest recipient of new individual applications. 73% HOSTED IN LOW-AND MIDDLEINCOME COUNTRIES Lowand middle-income countries hosted 73 per cent of the world’s refugees and other people in need of international protection.6 The Least Developed Countries provided asylum to 23 per cent of the total.

67% HOSTED

IN NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES 67 per cent of refugees and other people in need of international protection lived in countries neighbouring their countries of origin. 1 IN 8 ARE DISPLACED Relative to their national populations,7 Lebanon (1 in 8) hosted the largest number of refugees and other people in need of international protection,

people in need of international protection lived in countries neighbouring their countries of origin. 1 IN 8 ARE DISPLACED Relative to their national populations,7 Lebanon (1 in 8) hosted the largest number of refugees and other people in need of international protection, followed by the island of Aruba (1 in 9), Chad (1 in 16), Curaçao (1 in 16) and Jordan (1 in 18).8 Aruba 1 in 9 Lebanon 1 in 8 Curaçao 1 in 16 Jordan 1 in 18 Chad 1 in 16 United States of America 729,100 Egypt 433,900 Germany 229,800 Canada 174,000 Spain 167,4003

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

DEMOGRAPHICS OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN FORCIBLY DISPLACED END-2024

Children account for 29 per cent of the world’s population, but 40 per cent of all forcibly displaced people. 10 0-17 18-59 60+ DISCLAIMER: figures do not add up to 100 per cent due to rounding. 20% 27% 3% 20% 15% 14% 26% 28% 28% 4% 6% 8% World population Forcibly displaced

MALE FEMALE

20% 15% 27% 28% 3% 7% 19% 14% 26% 27% 4% 8% 1 The total number of people forcibly displaced is calculated using statistics by UNHCR, UNRWA and IDMC. See UNHCR population groups explained for more information. UNRWA estimates that 70 per cent of the 2 million IDPs in the Gaza Strip at end-2024 were Palestine refugees under its mandate. These internally displaced refugees under UNRWA’s mandate are only counted once in the global forcibly displaced total.

more information. UNRWA estimates that 70 per cent of the 2 million IDPs in the Gaza Strip at end-2024 were Palestine refugees under its mandate. These internally displaced refugees under UNRWA’s mandate are only counted once in the global forcibly displaced total. 2 See the Methodology page of UNHCR’s Refugee Data Finder for a definition of each population group. 3 Source: UNRWA . 4 All references in this infographic to refugees under UNHCR’s mandate includes people in a refugee-like situation. 5 Source: Global Report on Internal Displacement 2025 , IDMC. At the end of 2024, 83.4 million people remained displaced within their countries, including 73.5 million due to conflict and violence and 9.8 million due to disasters . 6 See Key facts for countries hosting the world’s refugees , UNHCR. 7 Limited to countries hosting at least 10,000 people. Excludes Palestine refugees under UNRWA’s mandate. 8 Lebanon continues to be the highest, per capita, host country for refugees globally, with a government estimate of 1.5 million Syrians (some 755,400 registered by UNHCR) and 10,000 asylum-seekers and refugees of other nationalities. When the 486,300 Palestine refugees in Lebanon and 2.4 million Palestine refugees in Jordan registered with UNRWA are included, the proportions in Jordan and Lebanon increase to one in four and one in five. 9 All statistics reported by the United States of America apart from resettlement arrivals are as of mid-2024. Hence, the data of new individual asylum applications only include the period between January and June 2024, and the number of pending applications is as of 30 June 2024. The full year statistics for each of these are likely to be higher. 10 Sources: Estimation of IDP demographics (IDMC); Palestine refugees under UNRWA’s mandate (UNRWA); Refugees, people in a refugee-like situation, asylum-seekers and other people in need of international protection are based on the available data (UNHCR) and World Population estimates (UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs).

SOLUTIONS

188,800

REFUGEES

RESETTLED

asylum-seekers and other people in need of international protection are based on the available data (UNHCR) and World Population estimates (UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs).

SOLUTIONS

188,800 REFUGEES RESETTLED 188,800 refugees were resettled in 2024, according to government statistics. UNHCR submitted 203,800 refugees to States for resettlement. 47,200

STATELESS PEOPLE

RECEIVED CITIZENSHIP 47,200 stateless people had their nationality confirmed or acquired citizenship during the year.

9.8 MILLION

DISPLACED PEOPLE RETURNED 9.8 million displaced people returned to their areas or countries of origin in 2024, including 8.2 million internally displaced people and 1.6 million refugees.Statistics for forcibly displaced and all other people protected/ assisted by UNHCR This report’s main focus is the analysis of changes and trends in forced displacement from January to December 2024 among people covered by UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency’s mandate.11 The data presented are based on information received as of 21 May 2025 unless otherwise indicated. At the end of 2024, the number of forcibly displaced people worldwide was estimated at 123.2 million.12 This figure encompasses refugees under UNHCR’s mandate, Palestine refugees under the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East’s (UNRWA) mandate, asylum-seekers, internally displaced people (IDPs) and other people in need of international protection. UNHCR also estimates the population that it protects and/or assists. This includes those who have been forcibly displaced (refugees, asylumseekers, internally displaced people and other people in need of international protection); those who have returned home within the previous year; those who are stateless (most of whom are not forcibly displaced); and other groups to whom

have been forcibly displaced (refugees, asylumseekers, internally displaced people and other people in need of international protection); those who have returned home within the previous year; those who are stateless (most of whom are not forcibly displaced); and other groups to whom UNHCR has extended its protection or provided assistance on a humanitarian basis. At the end of 2024, this figure stood at 129.9 million people. These two categorizations are compared in the graphic below. A detailed breakdown of the population that UNHCR protects and/or assists is provided in the Annex Tables by category and country. The figures in this report are based on data reported by governments, nongovernmental organizations, UNHCR and other UN agencies. Numbers are rounded to the closest hundred or thousand. As some adjustments may appear later in the year in the Refugee Data Finder, 13 figures contained in this report should be considered as provisional and subject to change. Unless otherwise specified, the report does not refer to events occurring after 31 December 2024. View maps showing totals by population group and country. View annex tables by category and country. 11 See the Methodology page of UNHCR’s Refugee Data Finder for a definition of each population group. 12 See footnote 1. 13 Idem. 4

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 20245

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

Forcibly displaced people 123.2 million14 Population UNHCR protects and/or assists 129.9 million 8.4M 5.9M 73.5M 4.4M 8.2M 1.6M 3.8M 27.3M 5.9M 31.0M Asylum-seekers Other people in need of international protection Internally Displaced People (IDPs) Stateless people IDP returns Refugee returns Others of concern to UNHCR Host community Used consistently in both categorizations. Used consistently in both categorizations.

31.0M Asylum-seekers Other people in need of international protection Internally Displaced People (IDPs) Stateless people IDP returns Refugee returns Others of concern to UNHCR Host community Used consistently in both categorizations. Used consistently in both categorizations. The biggest diff erence between the two categorizations is with people who have been internally displaced. When present in these statistics, UNHCR applies two diff erent sources: IDMC’s IDP statistics collate the total forcibly displaced while those IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR are included in the total population that UNHCR protects and/or assists. The two sources of IDP data vary signifi cantly in certain countries. Globally, IDMC reports 73.5 million IDPs while UNHCR reports 68.1 million confl ict-aff ected IDPs at end-2024. In total, UNHCR reports 4.4 million stateless people. About 1.4 million stateless people worldwide are also displaced. Most of them are Rohingya, either internally displaced in Myanmar or refugees, mostly in neighbouring countries. These 1.4 million are only counted as forcibly displaced when calculating the total population that UNHCR protects and/or assists to avoid double counting. Only included in the population that UNHCR protects and/or assists for a period of 12 months. Only included in the population that UNHCR protects and/or assists for a period of 12 months. Only included in the population that UNHCR protects and/or assists. Not included in either categorization. Palestine refugees under UNRWA’s mandate Not included in the population that UNHCR protects and/or assists. Refugees under UNHCR’s mandate Includes both refugees and people in refugee-like situations. Used consistently in both categorizations. 68.1M 14 See UNHCR’s Refugee Data FinderCHAPTER 1 Global forced displacement Overview

Refugees under UNHCR’s mandate Includes both refugees and people in refugee-like situations. Used consistently in both categorizations. 68.1M 14 See UNHCR’s Refugee Data FinderCHAPTER 1 Global forced displacement Overview 15 Source: Global Report on Internal Displacement 2025 , IDMC. There were 65.8 million new displacements in total during 2024, including 20.1 displacements due to conflict and violence and 45.8 million due to disasters. See also IDMC’s video on measuring internal displacement . 16 This estimates includes nowcasted figures for refugees under UNHCR’s mandate and asylum-seekers as of the end of April 2025. Other people in need of international protection are as reported by UNHCR at end-2024. The estimate of internal displacement is calculated using IDMC’s end-2024 figure (73.5 million people) as a base and then reflecting changes in the statistics for ten of the largest displacement situations for which operational data is available at the end of April 2025. Note also that IDMC’s historical statistics have been retroactively updated and include approximately 1 million fewer people than previously reported. Palestine refugees under UNRWA’s mandate are as reported by UNRWA at end-March 2025. 17 See UNHCR: Funding crunch increases risks of violence, danger and death for refugees , UNHCR. The number of people forced to flee persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations and events seriously disturbing public order rose in 2024, reaching a record 123.2 million. This is an increase of 7 million people or 6 per cent compared to the end of 2023. One in 67 people globally were forcibly displaced at the end of 2024. Slightly more than onethird of all forcibly displaced people globally were Sudanese (14.3 million), Syrian (13.5 million), Afghan (10.3 million) or Ukrainian (8.8 million). During 2024, millions of people were displaced, including an estimated 20.1 million within their own

third of all forcibly displaced people globally were Sudanese (14.3 million), Syrian (13.5 million), Afghan (10.3 million) or Ukrainian (8.8 million). During 2024, millions of people were displaced, including an estimated 20.1 million within their own country15 and 5.4 million as refugees and asylumseekers. Over the last decade, the number of forcibly displaced people has almost doubled. However, the rate of increase in the number of people forcibly displaced slowed in the second half of 2024. As shown in figure 1, while there was an estimated increase of 5.2 million forcibly displaced people in the first half of 2024, the increase in the second half of the year dropped to only a third of that, 1.7 million. Operational data and initial estimates for 2025 indicate that global forced displacement may begin to fall during 2025. By the end of April 2025, UNHCR estimates that total forced displacement globally has fallen slightly by 1 per cent to 122.1 million.16 During the remainder of 2025, much will depend on the dynamics in key situations. This includes whether peace, or at least a cessation in fighting, is possible to achieve, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan and Ukraine; whether the situation in South Sudan does not deteriorate further; whether conditions for return improve, in particular in Afghanistan and Syria; and how dire the impact of the current funding cuts will be on the capacity to address forced displacement situations around the world and create conducive conditions for a safe and dignified return.17 The search for peace must be at the heart of all efforts to find longlasting solutions for refugees and others forced to flee their homes. Filippo Grandi UN High Commissioner for Refugees 6

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

CHAPTER 1

+ EXPLORE

THE DATA + Demographics of

lasting solutions for refugees and others forced to flee their homes. Filippo Grandi UN High Commissioner for Refugees 6

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

CHAPTER 1

+ EXPLORE THE DATA + Demographics of forcibly displacedFigure 1 | Forcibly Displaced People | 2020 – April-2025 (midand end-year) 0 10M 20M 30M 40M 50M 60M 70M 80M 90M 100M 110M 120M 130M end-20 mid-21 end-21 mid-22 end-22 mid-23 end-23 mid-24 end-24 Apr-25 Internally displaced people Refugees under UNHCR’s mandate Asylum-seekers Palestine refugees under UNRWA’s mandate Other people in need of international protection 18 Moreover, as of mid-2023 an estimated 1.2 million Ukrainians were recorded in the Russian Federation under different legal forms of stay (other than refugee or temporary asylum status) and reported by UNHCR as people in a refugee-like situation. However, this figure has not been updated since June 2023, and therefore can no longer be included in UNHCR’s official statistics for end of 2024. 19 Temporary protection granted to Ukrainians does not necessarily mean new displacement since it could include reapplications or reactivations from the refugees who were already granted refugee status following temporary visits to Ukraine as well as duplicated registrations across countries. Furthermore, Ukrainians that have been granted temporary protection may also have lodged individual asylum applications. See Ukraine Refugee Situation: Population movements, Factsheet #2 , UNHCR . 20 See footnote 9. The global refugee population decreased in 2024 by 613,600 (-1 per cent) to 42.7 million, including 31 million refugees under UNHCR’s mandate, 5.9 million other people in need of international protection and 5.9 million Palestine refugees under the mandate of UNRWA. The decrease in the number of refugees globally reflects lower estimates of Afghan refugees, fewer Syrian refugees, and

31 million refugees under UNHCR’s mandate, 5.9 million other people in need of international protection and 5.9 million Palestine refugees under the mandate of UNRWA. The decrease in the number of refugees globally reflects lower estimates of Afghan refugees, fewer Syrian refugees, and updated reporting of Ukrainians. 18 By contrast, the number of Sudanese refugees increased by nearly 600,000 to 2.1 million due to ongoing hostilities across the country. Internally displaced people (IDPs) continue to constitute the majority of all people that have been forced to flee globally (60 per cent). According to data by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), 73.5 million people remained displaced within their own country at the end of 2024 as a consequence of conflicts, an increase of 6.3 million. The increase was driven by conflict intensifications in Sudan and Myanmar, further escalations of indiscriminate gang violence in Haiti and revised IDP population estimates in Colombia. During 2024, at least 4.8 million people sought international protection, 13 per cent fewer than in

2023. This figure includes those that applied for asylum on an individual basis (3.1 million), were recognized through group procedures (835,600) or were granted temporary protection (954,600). 19

The lower overall figure reflects fewer people being granted temporary protection and underreporting of statistics. 20 The number of asylum-seekers pending a decision on their individual applications stood at 8.4 million at end-2024, the highest ever recorded, surging by 22 per cent from 6.9 million the year before. Refugee and IDP returns rose in 2024, with a year-onyear increase of 60 per cent. Most of them took place 7

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

CHAPTER 1in the second half of 2024. During the year, 1.6 million refugees returned to their home country and 8.2

year increase of 60 per cent. Most of them took place 7

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

CHAPTER 1in the second half of 2024. During the year, 1.6 million refugees returned to their home country and 8.2 million IDPs returned to their area of origin. Over 9 in 10 refugees and IDPs returned to or within just eight countries.21 Many of those who returned did so in adverse conditions or encountered extremely fragile socio-economic situations on their return. However, by the end of April 2025, returns to and within Syria had increased. Compared to the previous years, more refugees and IDPs also expressed their intention to return in the next twelve months.22 The number of known stateless people, including people with undetermined nationality, totalled 4.4 million at end-2024. While this figure is broadly in line with the previous year’s estimate, the number of stateless people who acquired citizenship rose by 47 per cent to 47,200. In addition, several countries took important political and legislative steps to resolve and prevent statelessness. New or revised estimates of the number of stateless people were also reported for at least eight countries. Key displacement situations in 2024 Conflicts in some of the largest displacement situations escalated further during 2024, such as in Sudan and Myanmar. Gang violence in Haiti worsened with little end in sight. The war in Gaza, which remains unresolved, had a devastating impact on the civilian population. As a consequence of the regional crisis in the Middle East, displacement erupted in neighbouring Lebanon between September and November. The prolonged conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has led to one of the largest, yet also most overlooked, internal displacement crises globally, with an escalation in the eastern region in 2024. Fighting on the frontlines in the war in Ukraine remains intense and was combined with coordinated aerial attacks. As active fighting has largely ceased in Afghanistan, countries

one of the largest, yet also most overlooked, internal displacement crises globally, with an escalation in the eastern region in 2024. Fighting on the frontlines in the war in Ukraine remains intense and was combined with coordinated aerial attacks. As active fighting has largely ceased in Afghanistan, countries hosting large numbers of asylum-seekers are enacting policies to remove millions of Afghans. In the 21 These were Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Myanmar, South Sudan, Syria and Ukraine. 22 See the section on the spotlight on the Syria situation below. 23 The Central Sahel comprises three countries: Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. 24 See Sudan Mobility Overview (4) , International Organization for Migration (IOM). 25 See Two Years of Conflict in Sudan: Visualizing the World’s Largest Displacement Crisis , IOM 26 See DTM Sudan Focused Flash Alert: Al Fasher (Zamzam IDP Camp), North Darfur (Update 008) , IOM. 27 As of December 2024, 930,000 Sudanese were registered by UNHCR in Egypt as asylum-seekers. The Government of Egypt reported 1.5 million Sudanese people having arrived in the country since the onset of the crisis. See also the Sudan Situation on the Operational Data Portal. year’s most unforeseen development, after the Assad government in Syria fell in December, there were renewed hopes among forcibly displaced Syrians that they would be able to return. Forced displacement from and within the Central Sahel23 grew to 3.5 million people due to intensifying conflicts in the region, an increase by 89 per cent from end-2020. For more information about Myanmar, Syria and the countries in the Sahel, see the Spotlights on these situations below. The war in Sudan triggered the world’s largest displacement crisis with a total of 14.3 million Sudanese remaining displaced at the end of 2024, almost all within the country or in neighbouring countries. This was 3.5 million more people than 12 months prior and the population remaining displaced

displacement crisis with a total of 14.3 million Sudanese remaining displaced at the end of 2024, almost all within the country or in neighbouring countries. This was 3.5 million more people than 12 months prior and the population remaining displaced at the end of 2024 represents nearly one in three of the national population. Amid further escalations of conflict across large parts of the country during the year, more people in Sudan became internally displaced. The number of IDPs grew by 2.5 million (+28 per cent), with the majority of them originating from the heavily affected regions of Khartoum, Southern and Northern Darfur and Aj Jazirah.24 The overall rate of internal displacement in Sudan slowed towards the end of 2024. In early 2025, data indicated that the number of IDPs had decreased, as they began to return.25 However, the situation remains critical across the majority of Darfur. An attack on the Zamzam IDP Camp in North Darfur in April 2025, led to the displacement of more than 406,000 people or 81 per cent of the total population hosted in the camp.26 The number of Sudanese refugees and asylum-seekers also grew to reach 2.8 million at the end of 2024, up by more than a million. Most sought safety in Chad (1.1 million at end-year), Egypt (602,700)27 and South Sudan (487,700). While generously extending protection to Sudanese refugees, South Sudan is also grappling with its own challenges. For example, reabsorbing the nearly three-quarters of a million South Sudanese refugees who have returned since the beginning of the conflict in April 2023, 404,700 of whom arrived in 2024 alone. 8

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

CHAPTER 1Sudanese refugee populations also rose sharply in Libya (+198,400)28 and Uganda (+50,400). Operational

in April 2023, 404,700 of whom arrived in 2024 alone. 8

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

CHAPTER 1Sudanese refugee populations also rose sharply in Libya (+198,400)28 and Uganda (+50,400). Operational data as of the end of May 2025 indicates that people have continued to flee, but at a lower overall rate than during 2024, although nearly 65,000 arrivals have been reported in Chad during May 2025.29 Rampant gang violence spread from the capital of Port-au-Prince to other parts of Haiti in 2024. As a consequence, the number of people displaced within the country tripled during the year, from 313,900 to over 1 million. The humanitarian situation in Haiti deteriorated rapidly as the year progressed, with the impact most acute on the protection situation of women and children.30 Almost half of Haiti’s 11.9 million civilians require humanitarian assistance and acute food insecurity affects more than 5 million people. The number of Haitian refugees and asylumseekers grew by 72,700 during the year to reach 423,300. Almost all of them were hosted by other countries in the Americas. Prolonged conflict between the Congolese army and multiple non-state armed groups in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo has been characterised by continuous grave violations and human rights abuses against the civilian population, generating one of the world’s largest internal displacement crises. During 2024, several million people were repeatedly forced to flee violence perpetrated by all parties to the conflict, most notably in the regions of North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri. At end-2024, 7.4 million Congolese were forcibly displaced, with more than 8 in 10 of them remaining within their country. Many of those forced to flee have been displaced several times. In 2025, the conflict has escalated further, triggering repeated

At end-2024, 7.4 million Congolese were forcibly displaced, with more than 8 in 10 of them remaining within their country. Many of those forced to flee have been displaced several times. In 2025, the conflict has escalated further, triggering repeated internal displacement. Close to 140,000 people had also fled the country by early May 2025, primarily to neighbouring Burundi and Uganda.31 The ongoing conflict in the Gaza Strip in the State of Palestine has uprooted 90 per cent of the entire 28 The increase in Libya is due to the arrival in 2024 of a total of 228,800 Sudanese. Almost 30,800 of them were registered as asylum-seekers by UNHCR and the remaining 198,000 are estimated based on the issuance of health cards in areas outside of Tripoli and are reported as people in a refugee-like situation. 29 See Sudan situation , UNHCR. 30 See Haiti: Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan Executive Summary (February 2025) , UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA). 31 See CORE - Eastern DRC Situation Dashboard - 07 May 2025 , UNHCR. 32 See Gaza: ‘Dramatic escalation’ as bombardments intensify and displacement surges, UN News. 33 See Lebanon Mobility Snapshot, Round 86 , IOM. 34 See Protection Monitoring Findings in Lebanon, Q4 2024 , UNHCR. 35 Operational estimates are higher with 557,000 people estimated to have fled Lebanon to Syria, 63 per cent of whom were Syrian. See Middle East Situation, 25 Nov 2024 , UNHCR. civilian population. Since October 2023, the majority of civilians in Gaza have been displaced multiple times. At the end of 2024, 2 million people remained internally displaced. A temporary ceasefire in January 2025 brought some desperately needed relief to a civilian population faced with widespread hunger, devastated infrastructure and very limited humanitarian support, but the conflict resumed anew in March 2025.32

internally displaced. A temporary ceasefire in January 2025 brought some desperately needed relief to a civilian population faced with widespread hunger, devastated infrastructure and very limited humanitarian support, but the conflict resumed anew in March 2025.32 In September 2024, the war between Hezbollah and Israel escalated across Lebanon, particularly in the south, Bekaa and southern suburbs of Beirut. At the height of the crisis, at least 1.3 million people had been affected by the violence, with nearly a million people displaced within the country (984,500). In late November, an interim ceasefire was agreed and despite ongoing violations, most displaced people were able to return to their areas of residence by the end of the year. By the end of April 2025, despite sporadic conflict and widespread destruction, particularly in the South of Lebanon, the number of people remaining displaced had decreased to 90,000.33 The conflict in Lebanon also affected the predominately Syrian refugee population within the country, who had fled to the country in prior years to seek safety and protection. Nearly 100,000 of them were forced to flee within Lebanon,34 and at least 254,700 Syrians had no option but to return to Syria in adverse circumstances between September and October 2024 alone.35 In 2024, the international armed conflict between Ukraine and the Russian Federation continued to drive large-scale displacement. During 2024, 740,000 Ukrainians were newly displaced within the country, with 3.7 million remaining internally displaced at endyear. In the eastern and southern parts of the country, the intensity of the fighting increased. An estimated 12.7 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance in 2025, as coordinated aerial attacks on civilian infrastructure and energy systems continue to 9

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

CHAPTER 1have devastating effects on the civilian population.36 Nearly 856,800 Ukrainians were granted international protection in 2024, most receiving temporary

civilian infrastructure and energy systems continue to 9

UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024

CHAPTER 1have devastating effects on the civilian population.36 Nearly 856,800 Ukrainians were granted international protection in 2024, most receiving temporary protection in countries in the European Union.37 In Europe, more than 5 million Ukrainian refugees were reported at end-2024.38 There were 10 per cent fewer Afghan refugees reported at the end of the year (5.8 million). The Islamic Republic of Iran (3.5 million, -7 per cent) and Pakistan (1.6 million, -22 per cent) remained the largest host countries. The decreases in Pakistan reflect downwards adjustments to the estimated number of people remaining in a refugee-like situation.39 The lo