OIM - Llamamiento Anual Mundial para 2024

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22002244 IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.

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Email: hq@iom.int Website: www.iom.int This publication was issued without formal editing by IOM.

Design: We2 – www.we2.co Cover photo: From left to right: As climate change strains Somalia’s path to peace, communities hold the key.

© IOM 2022/Claudia Rosel. Three generations of villagers pose for a picture along the shoreline on one of the Carteret Islands. Due to coastal erosion, the islands have progressively become uninhabitable as their homes slowly become consumed by the sea over several decades. © IOM 2016/Muse Mohammed. Venezuelan refugees and migrants relocate to Curitiba, Brazil through Operation Welcome in 2018. © IOM 2018

Required Citation: I nternational Organization for Migration (IOM), 2024. Global Appeal 2024. IOM, Geneva.

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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/legalcode GLOBAL APPEAL 2 0 2 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OVERVIEW 1

Foreword 3

State of the World: Migration and Displacement in 2024 and Beyond 4

Working with Partners to Face the Future 10 Financial Ask 2024 13

OBJECTIVES 20

Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Saving lives and protecting Driving solutions to Facilitating pathways for people on the move displacement regular migration 21 28 35

REGIONAL REQUIREMENTS 43 ENABLERS 66

Asia and the Pacific 44 Workforce 67 Central America, North America Partnerships 69 and the Caribbean 46 Funding 72 East Africa and the Horn of Africa 49 Data and Evidence 73 European Economic Area 52 Learning and Innovation 75 Middle East and North Africa 55 Communication 76 South America 57 Internal Systems 77 South-Eastern Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia 59 Southern Africa 61 West and Central Africa 63

CROSS-CUTTING 81

Integrity, Transparency and Accountability 82 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion 83 Protection-Centred 85 Environmental Sustainability 87

REFERENCES 90 iv

OVERVIEW

Objectives Regional Requirements Enablers Cross-Cutting OVERVIEW 2 “ The world needs a comprehensive effort to realize the full promise of migration. The consequences of underfunded or partial, piecemeal assistance are too high to bear. We can and must do better. Amy Pope, IOM Director General

OVERVIEW 3

FOREWORD We are at a critical moment, This Appeal is structured in line with the Plan, showing not just the need for funding, but how IOM not just for IOM, but for the will deliver on the Plan’s three strategic objectives: prosperity of the Global South, 1. Saving and protecting people on the move;

2.Driving solutions to displacement; and 3. Facilitating for the development of the Global pathways for regular migration. North, for all our Member States, We see daily the need to deliver on these objectives. and most importantly, for the Globalization, inequality, climate change and political migrants themselves: those who instability are driving unprecedented levels of have moved or who will be on migration. Even as IOM’s budget has grown, the need for IOM support has grown even faster. the move in the future. The consequences of underfunded or partial, piecemeal assistance are too high to bear: more protracted displacement, greater tension and conflict, increased irregular migration, higher risks for people on the move. We can and must do better. A full response to this USD 7.9 billion Appeal for 2024 would allow IOM to prepare in advance, to anticipate instead of merely reacting, to engage on a systematic and multi-year basis when needed. This means a more efficient and effective IOM that remains fully accountable to our Member States. Recent events remind us of the true value of our multilateral community. The world needs international organizations that step up when no one else does, that respond when conflict or disaster strikes, that protect the This defining moment calls for a coordinated effort most vulnerable and save lives when no one else is that helps realize the full promise of migration. The around to save them. first part of this effort is the recently launched These organizations also have the greatest potential IOM Strategic Plan 2024–2028, a comprehensive to bring together people with different viewpoints. approach to the multifaceted migration landscape That is what this Appeal can do, to help give everyone that addresses the adverse drivers of migration, the chance to flourish peacefully and safely. supports countries hosting migrants in transit, contributes to their integration in host countries, Thank you for supporting IOM and participating in all

and enables their safe return and reintegration. that we do together to make the world a better place.

OVERVIEW 4

STATE OF THE WORLD:

MIGRATION AND DISPLACEMENT IN 2024 AND BEYOND Migration is – and has been for centuries – a cornerstone of development, prosperity and progress for many people. The present estimated 281 million international migrants globally represent around 3.6 per cent of the world’s population, but are estimated to generate 9.4 per cent of global GDP. Migrants are already adapting to shifting labour Migration patterns are increasingly complex – driven markets and new ways of working and are and impacted by the changes we see in the world ameliorating divergent demographic trends within and today. Conflict, climate change, environmental across regions. More than 6 million new permanent degradation and uneven development are increasingly migrants settled in Organisation for Co-operation driving displacement and irregular migration. In 2024, and Development (OECD) countries in 2022, with nearly 300 million people around the world will an increase of 36 per cent in permanent labour need humanitarian assistance and protection due migration compared with 2021. Once migrants reach to conflicts, climate emergencies and other drivers their destinations and enter the labour market, they (OCHA, 2024). Internal displacement reached a not only contribute to the societies and economies record level at the end of 2022, with 71.1 million of their destination countries, but also support those internally displaced persons (IDPs) around the globe. who stayed behind. Remittances are often the most This is the highest number ever recorded – and direct and well-known link between migration and this trend is anticipated to continue in the future development, having been about three times the (IDMC, 2023). volume of official development assistance (ODA) for more than a decade (Ratha et al., 2022, 2023). International Remittance Flows to Lowand Middle-Income Countries (1990–2020)

USD 800B

USD 600B

USD 400B

USD 200B USD 0B 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Remittances Official Development Assitance (ODA) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Source: World Bank, n.d, (accessed June 2021).

Note: All numbers are in current (nominal) USD billion.

OVERVIEW 5

Total Number of IDPs at the End of Each Year 80M 71M 70M 59M 60M 55M 51M 50M 42M 41M 40M 40M 38M 40M 33M 30M 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 First year disaster data is available.

Source: IDMC (https://internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2023).

As climate change strains Somalia’s path to peace, communities hold the key. © IOM 2022/Ismail Salad Osman

OVERVIEW 6

Over the past decade, weather-related events – will more than triple, from around 8 million to 28 including floods, storms and wildfires – have caused million. People exposed to crop failure will triple, over 200 million new displacements worldwide. In while rising average global temperatures will see a 2022 alone, weather-related disasters caused 32.6 tenfold increase in the number of people exposed million new displacements, amounting to 53 per cent to droughts by 2090, from around 5 to 57 million. of new internal displacements recorded around the Current data and analyses by IOM show that IDPs world. According to projections developed by IOM, are 20 times more likely to attempt returning to this number will only increase over the coming a conflict-affected area than to an area of origin decades, as more and more communities will be affected by drought. Understanding how, when impacted by the adverse effects of climate change. and where communities will be affected by climate

For example, people exposed to extreme heat change is crucial for the humanitarian community will double, while those exposed to river floods to deliver effective anticipatory action and solutions. Projected Land Area Exposed to Heat Waves by 2090 Land Area Exposed to Heat Waves (per cent) 10 15 20 24 29 34 39 This map is for illustration purposes only. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM.

Source: IOM GDI (2023): Climate Mobility Impacts (https://migrationdataportal.org/climate-mobility-impacts).

OVERVIEW 7

IOM IN ACTION Children walk next to the Dawa river in Dolow, Somalia, which is almost totally dried out due to the drought. © IOM 2022/Taxta Foresight for Anticipating Climate Mobility Solutions of the Future The year 2023 was the hottest on record. Millions The Climate Mobility Impacts dashboard produced of people were displaced by disasters worldwide. by IOM’s Global Data Institute (GDI) visualizes Responding to current crises is simply not enough where hazard exposure, high population density and – we collectively need to anticipate and prepare for economic vulnerability are projected to coincide in the future. Anticipatory action is faster and more future. For instance, up to 2.8 billion people could cost-efficient than response and will help the most be exposed to heatwaves by 2090. This includes vulnerable adapt to a changing climate. up to 1.3 billion people in Southern Asia, a region where 59.7 million people have been displaced by To support anticipatory action, IOM is investing climate impacts in the last decade. IOM can help in innovation, data, predictive analytics, and early identify climate-sensitive hotspots and support the warning and forecasting mechanisms. When the development of effective anticipatory action that right information reaches decision makers and directly targets at-risk communities worldwide. communities, they can start thinking beyond when displacement ends and focus on where

solutions begin.

OVERVIEW 8

Inadequate regular migration pathways and these in the Mediterranean alone. These numbers protections leave people vulnerable to violence, probably do not reflect the full scale of migrant exploitation and abuse. In many parts of the world, deaths and disappearances. migrant smuggling, human trafficking and modern In Latin America and the Caribbean, an estimated slavery have become highly lucrative illicit businesses half a million irregular migrants have crossed the that lead to immense suffering. Globally, more Darién area, one of the most frequented and most than 156,000 victims of human trafficking from dangerous south-to-north routes on the continent. 187 nationalities and in 189 countries of exploitation Migrants on this route face treacherous terrain, have been identified and assisted by IOM since 2012. exposure to disease, and criminal violence that The share of girls and women among these stands at exacerbates vulnerabilities (CFR, 2022). 68 per cent. Our data show that irregular migration is a fraction of regular migration and often happens Building regular pathways allows delivery on the through the activities of smugglers who move people promise of migration and brings benefits to the through dangerous routes. countries of destinations, countries of origin and to the migrants themselves. As we face the impact Irregular migrants face extreme risks and dangers of major global transformations – from climate while on the move. IOM’s Missing Migrants change, demographic transition and urbanization, to Project has recorded at least 60,000 deaths and digitalization – migration must be part of the solution. disappearances in the last nine years – a third of An elderly man poses on one of the atolls of the Carteret islands. IOM conducted an assessment of the communities in the islands to know how people’s lives are being affected by climate change and how well they are adapting to the changing landscape. © IOM 2016/Muse Mohammed

OVERVIEW 9

Arrivals to Europe by Land and Sea by Route, 2020–2023

350,000 329,948 300,000 52,549 250,000 52,549 189,595 200,000 151,417 15,682 15,512 150,000 153,953 22,316 99,907 28,629 100,000 105,575 23,023 18,838 68,315 50,000 36,435 70,897 52,826 21,611 32,157 0 2020 2021 2022 2023 Eastern Mediterranean Route (Greece, Cyprus, Bulgaria) Central Mediterranean Route (Italy, Malta) Western Mediterranean (Peninsular Spain, Balearic Islands) Western African / Atlantic Route (Canary Islands of Spain) Total

Source: IOM DTM (https://dtm.iom.int/europe/arrivals?type=arrivals).

Migrant Deaths and Disappearances Globally 8,084 7,132 6,750 6,290 6,190 6,060 5,548 5,418 5,009 4,302 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Source: IOM Missing Migrant Project (https://missingmigrants.iom.int/data).

OVERVIEW 10

WORKING WITH PARTNERS TO FACE THE FUTURE IOM relies entirely on voluntary contributions to carry out its global activities. The demand for IOM support has increased exponentially in areas such as providing life-saving assistance to displaced populations, essential services to migrants and cooperation programmes with governments. Despite a steady increase in recent years in allocated resources, they fall short of meeting the vast global needs. Humanitarian aid from IOM remains critically impacts of the world’s biggest challenges: protracted underfunded, particularly in regions like the Sahel displacement, intercommunity tensions, increased subregion, where internally displaced individuals, incentives to migrate irregularly, and the resulting

vulnerable migrants and host populations face severe challenges faced by transit and destination countries. risks. Failure to address these concerns could intensify With increased funding, IOM can fulfil its critical forced migration pressures, leading to more migrants humanitarian mandate by providing greater access to attempting perilous journeys along dangerous routes. essential services, investing in sustainable actions and Globally, IOM reaches over 30 million crisis-affected focusing on preparedness measures. Along the world’s persons annually, with 5 million benefiting from major migration routes, governments often face tough IOM shelter support. However, this is insufficient circumstances, forcing them to adopt short-term, compared with the over 67.3 million crisis-affected emergency measures to respond to the humanitarian individuals the organization aims to assist in 2024, as or security consequences of situations that have not reflected in the Global Crisis Response Platform. To been properly anticipated. IOM is prepared to work empower displaced populations and identify lasting with governments both to meet the needs of those solutions, there is a need for greater predictability and on the move and to invest towards new approaches. flexibility in funding. As the quintessential proximity Irregular migration is the realm of smugglers, human organization, with unmatched field presence and traffickers and criminal networks. IOM’s strategic reach, IOM is well placed to gauge the negative FROM OUR PARTNERS Tuvalu – H.E. Mr Kausea Natano, the Prime Minister Our world today is at a critical juncture, where the cascading effects of climate change are not a distant threat, but an acute reality, especially for the small, low-lying Pacific Island nations, such as Tuvalu. In this context, I would like to acknowledge and commend the leadership of the IOM and the broader United Nations framework for their relentless efforts to tackle the unprecedented global issue. With programmes that emphasize climate adaptation, disaster risk reduction, and the nexus between environmental degradation and human movement, their endeavours have laid the foundation for a proactive and

compassionate response to the needs of populations at the frontlines of climate change. OVERVIEW 11 focus is therefore on working with stakeholders Faced with this stark reality, IOM calls for greater to promote regular migration pathways, provide and more consistent quality funding that is flexible, solutions closer to home, and ensure adequate predictable and multi-year. Quality funding allows for protection and dignity for all migrants. investment in preparedness or anticipatory action, which in turn reduces the cost of crisis response down As IOM embarks on meeting the needs of the the line and allows for a swifter response to urgent migrants it serves in 2024, the organization must needs, investment in preparedness and engagement contend with the fact that the humanitarian needs on a multi-year basis, reflecting the protracted nature alone and the financial resources needed to meet of most crises. It supports efficiency gains, reduces them have once again reached a record high in 2023. administrative costs and addresses underfunded crises. Indeed, IOM’s combined crisis response funding To enhance accountability and transparency, needs grew from USD 3.8 billion in 2022 to assist IOM commits to initiating a dialogue on “quality 53.3 million people to USD 4.4 billion in 2024 to earmarking” with donors, explaining transparently assist 67.3 million people – similar to global trends as how it processes and allocates quality funding, reflected by the increase in resources requested in showcasing gains in efficiency and better articulating the Global Humanitarian Overview. Moreover, global the impact of quality funding through integrated estimates of the average duration of contemporary targets and indicators aligned with its 2024–28 displacement range from 10 to 26 years, with Strategic Plan. IOM also pledges to increase the people in some 50 countries experiencing internal visibility of donor contributions and results achieved displacement for 10 years or more with quality funding, and to diversify sources, including the private sector.

Projected Multi-Year Funding Needs USD 8.6B USD 9.1B

USD 7.9B

USD 10.0B

USD 7.5B

Projected Needs Projected Needs USD 5.0B Actual Needs

USD 2.5B USD 0.0B 2024 2025 2026

Unearmarked Contributions Top Unearmarked Contributors (2022) Unearmarked funding consists of voluntary Sweden 23.8% contributions that are fully flexible. This means that when IOM receives an unearmarked contribution, United States of America 18.1% the organization can allocate the funds to the United Kingdom of Great areas that most require investment. Unearmarked 13.9% Britain and Northern Ireland contributions enable the organization to respond to strategic needs and to finance important core Denmark 10.6% functions and functional areas, including the provision Norway 10.1% of technical expertise and policy advice that benefit multiple programmes and projects. Others 23.6% 12 IOM IN ACTION Click here to view online

PER CRP IN USD

Regional Plans More than 375M 250M - 375M 125M - 250M Less than 125M CRP KEY FIGURES USD 4.4 billion Total funding required in 2024 67.3 million Total people targeted 98 Total countries covered 47 Total number of regional and country-specific Crisis Response Plans IOM in At-Risk, Fragile and Crisis Contexts • 100 per cent of the most severely crisis-impacted Crisis Response Funding Requirements and People Targeted by Region countries, according to the INFORM Severity Index; Framed by the Migration Crisis Operational Framework

TOTAL FUNDING REQUIRED TOTAL PEOPLE TARGETED

(MCOF), IOM’s Global Crisis Response Platform (GCRP) • Two-thirds of the cohort countries in the Secretary provides donors and partners with country-level details General’s Early Warnings for All initiative.

Asia and the Pacific 643.4M Asia and the Pacific 17.2M of IOM’s plans and associated funding requirements in These plans outline responses to the multisectoral Central America, North America Central America, North at-risk, fragile and crisis contexts. and the Caribbean 110.9M America and the Caribbean 0.8M needs of those displaced internally and across borders, Country and crisis-focused plans concentrate on IOM’s migrants in countries in crisis, stranded or otherwise in Central and West Africa 456.5M Central and West Africa 9.7M efforts to save lives and protect those on the move, while distress, as well as impacted communities. As in previous East Africa and Horn of Africa 779.4M East Africa and Horn of Africa 12.5M addressing the drivers of crises, investing in solutions to years, humanitarian funding requirements will remain displacement and supporting regular pathways. significant, with protection and saving lives an institutional Middle East and North Africa 716.9M Middle East and North Africa 11.7M priority. Applying a humanitarian-development-peace The GCRP includes the major crises to which IOM South America 546.1M South America 6.4M nexus approach, IOM’s plans also highlight investments responds that require donor support. In 2024, IOM’s in reducing future risks and collaboration with key European Economic Area 123.5M European Economic Area 0.4M Crisis Response Plans include: stakeholders to co-create sustainable solutions for more South-Eastern Europe, Eastern South-Eastern Europe, Eastern 663.1M 4.5M • 100 per cent of the countries in the Secretary-General’s resilient and peaceful societies. Europe and Central Asia Europe and Central Asia Action Agenda on Internal Displacement; Southern Africa 336.1M Southern Africa 4.1M

OVERVIEW 13

FINANCIAL ASK 2024

The need for IOM’s work has never been greater. While migrants are often among the furthest left behind, they simultaneously push forward

development, well-being and growth for people and the planet. Well-managed migration that is safe, orderly and vulnerable populations, we must in partnership regular can be both a development strategy and with others take on the challenges that face us. a development outcome. We must maximize This Appeal describes how IOM intends to rise the potential for migration to achieve sustainable to the challenge. We will focus on saving lives and development outcomes for migrants and society protecting people on the move, driving solutions to alike. However, these benefits are not guaranteed and displacement and facilitating pathways for regular the potential to harness the power of migration for migration. We will also focus on transforming our sustainable development remains largely untapped. organization to deliver better on these objectives. Humanitarian needs remain widespread and urgent. We count on your support to help us do our part The world continues to grapple with the aftermath to deliver on the promises of migration to alleviate of disasters, conflicts and the ongoing repercussions human suffering and move into a better future. of the COVID-19 pandemic. Displaced populations lack access to basic necessities. The climate crisis exacerbates these issues, further displacing vulnerable FUNDING NEEDS communities. We are confronted with the task of addressing these multifaceted challenges, requiring USD 3.4 billion coordinated efforts, innovative solutions and sustained Saving lives and protecting people on the move support from the international community to alleviate USD 2.7 billion suffering and foster resilience in the face of adversity. Driving solutions to displacement Comprehensive solutions to the world’s biggest USD 1.6 billion challenges – from poverty and inequality to climate Facilitating pathways for regular migration change and conflict – are all inextricably linked to migration. Migration must be part of the solution. To USD 163 million seize the opportunities and face the challenges of Transforming IOM to better deliver migration in an increasingly interdependent and USD 7.9 billion complex world, while supporting the world’s most

TOTAL FUNDING REQUIRED IN 2024

Beneficiaries Targeted International migrants 11% 15.7M Entities Local population / IDPs Targeted community 40% 55.4M 58,186 41% 56.7M Internal migrants Refugees 1% 1.6M 7% 9.8M Others 0.2% 0.2M In the picture, members of the Vida “Juan Martin Moye” Tilicuchu self sufficient community horticulture gardens – a project aimed at supporting the creation of proximity gardens in a poor non-urbanized suburb area of Quito. Its goal is to contribute to mitigate poverty, train the local population, offering the opportunity to produce fruit and vegetables for themselves and grow small livestock for local communities. The project calls for support to be able to sell surplus in the city of Quito, as a way of generating new income. The project builds on the Ecuadorian tradition of Minga (trabajo comunitario), according to which a group of people (friends, relatives, neighbours), often belonging to the same community (to a “pueblo”), gathers together in order to accomplish specific works in favour of the community. Organized by the IOM Coordinating Office for the Mediterranean in the field of Migration and Development, with the support of the Italian Cooperation, the A.MI.CO. Training Course has equiped more than 100 diaspora associations across Italy with the key notions to design co-development initiatives, strenghtening their theoretical and practical skills in the field of project development and implementation. The Course also represents an important opportunity to share knowledge, at all levels: with local institutions and partners, with the facilitators and – above all – between the diaspora associations and their members. © IOM 2019/Natalie Oren

FROM OUR PARTNERS

Sweden – H.E. Maria Malmer Stenergard, Minister for Migration The Swedish Government appreciates IOM’s important work towards safe, orderly and regular migration. IOM

has grown into a truly global actor with a key role in supporting States and affected populations even under the most difficult circumstances in conflicts and in war. Unearmarked funding has been key to ensure the development of IOM as a United Nations organization and make it fit for purpose. Sweden has been the largest contributor of core contributions to IOM. It is important that more Member States contribute to support a stable core structure, ready to respond to current and future challenges. 15

FINANCIAL ASK 2024

USD 941M 4.5M USD 516M 1.6M USD 510M 5.4M USD 1.1B 22.5M USD 1.4B 58.4M USD 701M 13.0M USD 831M 21.2M

Total Funding Total People Requested Targeted USD 7.9B 139.4M USD 828M 7.0M USD 469M 5.8M SOUTH-EASTERN CENTRAL AND MIDDLE EAST WEST AND EAST AND EUROPEAN EUROPE, EASTERN NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AND NORTH CENTRAL THE HORN OF SOUTHERN ECONOMIC EUROPE AND ASIA AND AND CARIBBEAN AMERICA AFRICA AFRICA AFRICA AFRICA AREA CENTRAL ASIA THE PACIFIC Objective 1 Saving lives and USD 194M 3.3M USD 437M 4.6M USD 711M 24.1M USD 273M 9.0M USD 441M 12.0M USD 224M 2.9M USD 146M 0.5M USD 272M 2.5M USD 641M 15.3M protecting people on the move Objective 2 Driving USD 131M 0.9M USD 250M 1.8M USD 529M 19.1M USD 298M 3.2M USD 237M 6.7M USD 152M 1.7M USD 191M 0.2M USD 460M 1.2M USD 377M 5.7M solutions to

solutions to displacement Objective 3 Facilitating USD 185M 1.2M USD 140M 0.7M USD 193M 15.2M USD 130M 0.8M USD 153M 2.5M USD 93M 1.1M USD 179M 1.0M USD 210M 0.8M USD 122M 1.5M pathways for regular migration This map is for illustration purposes only. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM. 16

Note: Staff figures for Professional, General Service and National Officers in Geneva are valid as of 31 December 2023.

General Service figures outside of Geneva are valid as of 30 June, whilst Non-Staff figures are valid as of 5 December 2023.

OVERVIEW 17

IOM IN ACTION Secretary-General, supported by the Network, United Nations country teams to integrate the to develop: Compact into their programming. • Actionable recommendations on strengthening Champion countries like Bangladesh, El Salvador, cooperation on missing migrants and providing Ghana and Kenya are accessing system-wide humanitarian assistance to migrants in distress; support to translate their Compact commitments into on-the-ground action. Other Member States • A limited set of indicators to review progress and regional bodies – for example the Caribbean related to Global Compact for Migration Community (CARICOM) – are being assisted to implementation. help align their migration policies with Compact The Secretary-General will present both of these commitments. to the General Assembly in his report on Global In 2024 we aim to expand this support to Member Compact implementation, in the course of 2024. States, regional bodies and United Nations partners. Bringing people together Furthermore, thematic guidance and support is available on the Global Compact for Migration The Global Compact creates an inclusive space, knowledge platform,